The cultivation and sale of ornamental plants are dynamic and promising sectors of agribusiness, with some of the highest profitability per cultivated area (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro E Pequenas Empresas, 2015). In 2014, the Brazilian supply chain for these plants consisted of 8,248 producers with an average planted area of 1.82 hectares and more than 2,000 species, divided into three main categories: Cut flowers and foliage, potted plants and flowers, and ornamental plants for landscaping (except grass) (Lima Júnior et al., 2015).The cultivation and sale of potted plants and flowers have increased their socioeconomic importance in the country, with desert rose (Adenium spp.) gaining prominence due to its drought resistance, easy maintenance, and the variety of colours and shapes of its flowers, which are generally abundant and long lasting (Oyen, 2006;Varella et al., 2015). Desert rose [Adenium obesum (Forssk.), Roem.
<p>A Teca (<em>Tectona grandis</em>) é uma planta originaria da Ásia e vêm sendo cultivada principalmente nas regiões Norte e Centro Oeste do Brasil. Porém algumas doenças podem provocar danos à produtividade e crescimento desta espécie, dentre estas fitopatologias está à ferrugem. Este trabalho objetivou-se a relatar a ocorrência do fungo <em>Olivea neotectonae</em>, causador da ferrugem na teca, pela primeira vez no Estado de Goiás. Em maio de 2013, foram observadas folhas da teca com sintomas de necroses que posteriormente provocavam desfolha precoce das plantas. Para avaliação inicial, folhas de teca foram coletadas em plantas localizadas na área do Instituto Federal Goiano Câmpus Ceres-GO. Em seguida, estas foram levadas ao laboratório de Microbiologia do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias. Na observação em microscópio óptico, foram visualizadas e medidas as estruturas fúngicas. Diante dos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, pode-se concluir que o fungo causador de necroses em plantas observadas no estado de Goiás, trata-se do patógeno <em>Olivea neotectonae, </em>agente causal da ferrugem da Teca.</p><p align="center"><strong>Report of teak rust, caused by <em>Olivea neotectonae </em>in the Goiás<em> </em>State<em></em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>Teak (<em>Tectona grandis </em>L<em>.</em>) is an Asian plant and it has been cultivated mainly in the North and Midwest of Brazil. However, some diseases can decrease its productivity and growth, such as rust (<em>Olivea neotectonae</em>). This study aimed at reporting <em>O. neotectonae</em> in teak for the first time in the Goiás State. In May 2013, teak leaves were found with necrosis and subsequently fell untimely causing defoliation in plants. As initial analysis, teak leaves were collected from plants located in the area of the Federal Institute Goiano Campus Ceres-GO. Then leaves were taken to the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Sciences and analyzed as well as measured under optical microscope for fungal structures. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the causative fungus necrosis found in plants in the Goiás State is <em>Olivea neotectonae</em>, the causal agent of rust teak.</pre>
Soybean is the most commercially cultivated crop in Paraguay, and obtaining high yields requires the application of large amounts of fertilizers, raising the cost of production. Developing strategies for the efficient use of applied nutrients is necessary. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of combinations of mineral fertilizers with organic matter and rock powder in the development, nutrition, and yield of soybean. The experiment was carried out in Hernandarias, Paraguay, in the 2016-2017 harvest. The different fertilizers influenced the absorption of Zn, Mg and K, and grain yield. Among the treatments, the highlight was the agronomic efficiency index obtained by the replacement of 30% of mineral fertilizer by humus, presenting grain yield of 3219, 67 kg ha-1. However, it was equal to the mixing 30% of humus + rock powder with 70% of NPK formulation 04:40:10 with grain yield of 3206.50 kg ha-1, and the mixing 20% of humus + rock powder with 80% of NPK formulation 04:40:10 with grain yield of 3165.17 kg ha-1. Thus, it is recommended to use rock powder and humus in soybean production in Paraguay, especially in Latossolos (Oxisols) that have little organic matter and low CTC.
One of the most important events for the success of parasitism is the nematode recognition of chemical signals exuded by the host plant. In response to the establishment of interactions, plants have evolved improved defence mechanisms. The present study aimed to identify resistance mechanisms by comparing the biochemical defence response of two chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) genotypes (Bode roxa A‐resistant and Cambuci‐susceptible) to Meloidogyne enterolobii. The activity of β‐1,3‐glucanase (GLU), peroxidase, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and lipoxygenase (LOX) was evaluated in the leaves and the roots at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after inoculation. There was an increase of GLU and CHI in leaves, and LOX in leaves and roots activities, of the resistant genotype (Bode roxa A). These results allow a better understanding of the defence mechanisms involved in the resistance of Capsicum spp. to M. enterolobii, which is an important step in developing management strategies for this pathosystem.
The objective was to study different groups of bacteria that can adapt to extreme conditions of temperature, pH and salinity, as well as to identify bacterial strains from cultivated (CS) and noncultivated (US) soil samples collected in the city of Brazlândia, Brazil. 38 strains were collected and submitted to growth tests at 45, 55, 65 and 75ºC, pH of 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 and salinity of 5, 10 and 15% of NaCl. Eleven strains were selected based on their biochemical characterization and identified based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Four groups of bacteria in the CS and US samples were identified and able to grow under the most extreme conditions. Eleven bacterial strains were
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