Grape pomace, which is derived from the skin and seeds, is the residue from the production of grape juice and wine. It corresponds to up to 20% of the total volume and it contains a high level of dietary fibers and bioactive compounds. In the Brazilian market, there is no product containing grape pomace as a replacement for conventional wheat flour. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of whole-wheat flour and organic Bordeaux grape pomace (Vitis labrusca L.) on the sensory, physicochemical and functional properties of cookies using response surface methodology (RSM). The regression models indicated that the addition of whole-wheat and organic grape pomace decreased (p < 0.0001) the water activity and significantly increased the content of fibers, hardness, brittleness, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the cookies. The RSM models presented suitable R 2 and R 2 adj values (> 65% of explained data variability), except for brittleness. The sensory evaluation results revealed that no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for the cookie samples, implying that the addition of grape pomace and whole-wheat flour did not negatively affect the preference of cookies.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the production of propionic acid from the fermentation of agroindustrial effluents using a Propionibacterium acidipropionici culture. The composition of the substrates was determined by using an experimental design of mixtures, resulting in 10 trials. The substrates were fermented in batch borosilicate glass reactors at a temperature of 35°C, initial pH of 6.5, and 20 mL.L -1 of inoculum suspension. The highest yield of propionic acid production, 0.79 g of product per g of substrate, was obtained with a substrate composed only of corn steep liquor, which showed a productivity of 5.20 mg.L -1 h -1 and production of 0.40mL.L -1 . These results showed that the corn steep liquor positively influenced performance and productivity. Although the production of acid did not reach high values, the results indicate that it is possible to produce propionic acid by a biotechnological route; however, further studies are required to adapt and optimise these results.

The surface response from CCD showed that, when using the same HRT, the higher the aeration time the higher the efficiency. Good quality effluent was obtained with 20 h HRT and 3 h aeration time, in a 4 h cycle. Polyurethane foam (Mini Biobob © ) is an adequate biofilm media support to promote the SND process. The correction of influent alkalinity promoted better COD and TN removal efficiencies than with no such correction. 2 Roveroto, G.P.; et al.