Background Folliculinum is a homeopathic sarcode medication that is mainly used for regulating the estrous cycle and reproductive function. In snakes, it is common to observe low frequencies of reproduction. Ovulation is related to follicular size and morphology, and follicle homogeneity may indicate the absence of problems such as dystocia (egg retention) or follicular stasis. Objective The objective of the present study was to report on follicular stage changes in two ball pythons, Python regius (Shaw, 1802), which were treated using Folliculinum 6cH in a zoological park setting. Methods Two female pythons – one weighing 2.8 kg, the other weighing 2.5 kg, and neither with a history of reproduction – were examined by ultrasound to enable viewing of ovarian follicles in different phases and sizes. Folliculinum 6cH, two globules diluted in 200 mL of water, was administered, targeted to the eyes and nostril regions. Results Even given the slow metabolism of reptiles, ultrasound revealed an improvement in follicle homogeneity between 6 and 15 days after the start of homeopathy in both snakes; there was also improved weight gain in both animals. The MOdified NARanjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score was +8 in each of the cases, suggesting a causal relationship between the use of homeopathic medicine and clinical outcome. Conclusion Folliculinum 6cH may have promoted stabilization of follicle size and enabled folliculogenesis in two ball pythons.
Abstract Introduction: two Python bivittatus were received at Project Selva Viva, zoo in Taubaté, Brazil, both presented respiratory noises and oro-nasal discharge. In view of the fact, a thoracic ultrasonographic examination was performed for evaluation on February 25, 2022, which diagnosed the presence of multiple vertical hyperechoic artefacts emerging from the pleural line, coalescing in some of the fields evaluated, and the presence of a hypoechoic structure located in the subpleural region. Another serpent, a species of Boa constrictor, arrived in same zoo, unhistorical individual, collected from an apprehension, showed a low body score and during a thoracic ultrasonographic evaluation, carried out on April 1, 2022, was also found to have B waves emerging from the line pleural. Methodology: Authorized story, by responsible of zoo. In all the patients, homeopathic therapy was initiated with 2 globules of Arsenicum album 30 cH/BID, after diagnosis of the respiratory condition by ultrasonographic examination, the medication was chosen through the similarity with the symptoms. Accompaniment with ultrassoms of Python bivittatus foram carried out weekly for accompaniment of the respiratory picture. Results: On March 04, it was observed that both coils showed a reduction in respiratory noise and were more active. Ars 30 cH was maintained BID. On March 25, both presented significant improvement in ultrasound, which made visible only lines A, compatible with a healthy lung, in both individuals and the treatment was suspended. The treatment of the Boa constrictor was started on April 1. On April 8, ultrasonographic examination was performed, which only observed lines A, indicating improvement of the picture. Conclusion: Given these results, it is considered that the homeopathic treatment is an option to be considered not treating the respiratory condition in snakes, however, there is variation in the duration of the therapy through the stage and chronicity of the disease.
Keeping Neotropical primates in captivity puts them at great risk of illness because of their susceptibility to human herpesvirus. This is the first report on herpesvirus in Callicebus nigrifrons that developed clinical disease and was confirmed by immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR. Diagnosis and prevention are essential for the conservation of species.
The maned wolf is a wild canid found in cerrado areas or in open fields in Brazil. A large number of these animals host parasites such as Dioctophyme renale, Dipylidium sp., Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma caninum and coccidia which may lead to death due to stressing situations. Although scarce, epidemiological studies of wild canids have cited that parasitic diseases can be the first causes of maned wolf mortality. Therewith, necropsy technique can be a useful tool to understand important characteristics these wild animals with risk of extinction. In this work, a case of a maned wolf parasitized by D. renale is reported. A young male maned Wolf was found dead and in rigor mortis in a road at Pindamonhangaba Municipality, São Paulo, Brazil. The animal underwent necropsy in the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Paulista – UNIP, São Jose dos Campos Campus, São Paulo, Brazil. During necropsy, intense epistasis, oral cavity bleeding, hemothorax and hemoperitoneum were observed, suggesting that the cause of death of this maned wolf was traumatism, probably due to road killing. In the stomach, several rats and Diptera larvae were found partially digested. The Diptera larvae detection suggests a meat‐based diet in a state of putrefaction what can be explained by diet restriction in urban areas. The right kidney showed renal parenchyma atrophy, bloody content and three D. renale specimens: one female, one male and one larva. The bloody content present in the kidney was analyzed under an optical microscope. The identified eggs were bioperculate, elliptical, brown and had a thick layer, characteristic of D. renale, confirming the literature findings. The necropsy showed be an important understanding tool of life habits of wild animals that have undergone many changes with increasing urbanization.
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