An approximately 10% increase in the thermal conductivity (TC) of heat transfer nanofluids containing metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes has been determined with very low percentage loading (around 0.02wt%) of these two nanomaterials. These fluids are very stable and the viscosity remains approximately the same as water. A possible explanation for these interesting results is the aggregation of metal oxide particles on the surface of nanotubes by electrostatic attraction and form the aggregation chain along the nanotube. Time dependant magnetic results demonstrate that, under the influence of a strong outside magnetic field, the TC value decreases. Also, the TC value decreases when the pH is shifted from 7 to 11.45.
The main challenge in the use of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as key components of nanofluids is to transfer excellent thermal properties from individual nanotubes into the bulk systems. We present studies on the performance of heat transfer nanofluids based on ultra-long (~2 mm), curly MWCNTs-in the background of various other nanoC-sp 2 , i.e. oxidized MWCNTs, commercially available Nanocyl™ MWCNTs and spherical carbon nanoparticles (SCNs). The nanofluids prepared via ultrasonication from water and propyl-ene glycol were studied in terms of heat conductivity and heat transfer in a scaled up thermal circuit containing a copper heli-cal heat exchanger. Ultra-long curly MWCNT (1 wt.%) nanofluids (stabilized with Gum Arabic in water) emerged as the most thermally conducting ones with a 23-30%-and 39%-enhancement as compared to the base-fluids for water and pro-pylene glycol, respectively. For turbulent flows (Re = 8000-11,000), the increase of heat transfer coefficient for the over-months stable 1 wt.% ultra-long MWCNT nanofluid was found as high as >100%. The findings allow to confirm that longer MWCNTs are promising solid components in nanofluids and hence to predict their broader application in heat transfer media.
In this paper, we report the effort to prepare a stable and homogeneous heat transfer nanolubricant and nanogrease in the oils (e.g. DURASYN® 166) with the motivation of enhancing its properties such as thermal conductivity and lubricity. The process of making these fluids involves the dispersion of carbon nanoparticles into the oil through intermittent sonication and the use of additives such as surfactants.
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