Activated carbon used as natural gas storage in adsorbed natural gas technology due to physical adsorption properties. Pineapple crown was used as raw material for activated carbon by reason of high lignocellulose content. The purpose of this study is to produce high surface area of activated carbon with high carbon composition (up to 80% weight). Activated carbon were prepared through chemical activation using KOH with various weight ratio and physical activation using N2 with 150 ml/min flowrate. Carbonization of pineapple crown is done at 350°C followed by chemical activation with KOH activator and physical activation. The result of iod number indicate the 1:1 weight KOH ratio gave the highest iod number 1337 mg/mg and 1190.799 m2/g surface area achieved by chemical-physical activation.
Air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the form of harmful gases becomes a problem for the health of living things in the surrounding environment. The alternative way to reduce those emissions is by utilizing agricultural waste as activated carbon (AC). AC can adsorbs those emissions due to its porous and high surface area. AC was made of banana peel waste that contains of lignocellulose and has considerable amount because of banana processing industrialization. AC was made through dehydration, carbonization at 350°C furnace without or with N2 gases of 0.15 NL/minute for 1 hour, then chemical activation using various concentrations of H2SO4 solution at 85°C for 1 hour. Characterization of activated carbon was done by iodine number test. The result shows that carbon chemical activation by 6 N of H2SO4 gave better result of iodine number than the lower concentration, obtaining 428 mg/g and overall yield of 41.68%. The result was even better on physical-and-chemical activation with same concentration of H2SO4, obtaining 617 mg/g with surface area of 614 m2/g and overall yield of 56.40%.
Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) can be developed through its porous adsorbent, especially activated carbon (AC) which has larger specific surface area. AC made of soybean straw is developed because of its abundance as agricultural waste in Indonesia and high lignocellulosic content. AC is produced in 500°C furnace for 1 hour with nitrogen gas flow of 200 mL/minute. For AC production, variations of chemical activating agents utilizing ZnCl2 and KOH and the concentration NiO as modification substance are made in this paper. Characterizations are made through iodine number, SEM, EDX, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption for obtaining data of adsorption capacity, surface topography, main composition, and particles specification. ZnCl2 activated carbon shows better result with iodine number of 577.73 mg/g and SBET of 741.26 m2/g, and the second-best is found in 2%-NiO-modified ZnCl2 activated carbon with iodine number of 534.79 mg/g and SBET of 632.24 m2/g. It is concluded that development of soybean straw as activated carbon precursor is still needed to obtain larger SBETand better adsorption capacity.
Air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust emissions produced gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) that are dangerous for health of living things. Those gases can be adsorbed with activated carbon made from agricultural waste such as banana peel because it has quite high lignocellulose content and available in large amount in Indonesia. Activated carbon from banana peel in this research was used the AC made in previous studies which has 617 mg/g and 614 mg/g surface area for chemically activated AC and chemical and physical activation combined respectively. The characterization of activated carbon was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) tests which resulted that the pore on AC surface was visually clear and the AC contained up to 88% of carbon, respectively. Chemical-activated carbon with H2SO4 6 N was capable of adsorbing 40.46% CO and 31.51% HC respectively. While physical-chemical activated carbon with H2SO4 6 N was capable of adsorbing 56.27% CO and 42.63% HC. The banana peel waste was proven to be a promising adsorbent raw material to reduce pollutant contents in environment.
Natural gas considered as alternative fuel that still has the enough availability in Indonesia. One of the utilizations of natural gas is ANG technology which based on adsorption principle. The adsorption of natural gas occurs in isotherms condition at 27 °C, 31 °C, and 35 °C and using low pressure up to 9 bar. Activated carbon were used from bio-based carbon from pineapple crown with IOD number 1337 mg/g and surface area 1190.799 m2/g which compared to commercial activated carbon with iod number 1727 mg/g. Bio-based carbon were prepared through chemical and physical activation. This study begins with making preparation for the ANG (Adsorbed Natural Gas) technology will be used, degassing process, measuring the void volume, storage capacity, and delivery capacity. The maximum storage of pineapple crown activated carbon reached 0.0397 kg/kg at 9 bars 27°C with desorption efficiency of 43.82% and commercial activated carbon reached 0.0429 kg/kg at 9 bar and 27°C and desorption efficiency of 43.82%.
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