Curculionídeos que Atacam as Raízes dos Citros no Estado de São PauloRESUMO -São registradas dez espécies de Entiminae, Naupactini que ocorrem em Citrus no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A maioria das espécies pertence ao gênero Naupactus Dejean, sendo: N. rivulosus (Olivier), N. tarsalis Boheman, N. curtus Boheman, N. navicularis Boheman, N. versatilis Hustache, N. ambiguus Boheman, e N. cervinus Boheman; uma espécie do gênero Teratopactus, T. nodicollis (Boheman); uma do gênero Parapantomorus, P. fl uctuosus (Boheman); e uma de Symmathetes (gênero revalidado), Symmathetes kollari Schoenherr. As larvas vivem no solo alimentando-se das raízes dos citros, causando danos mais importantes que os adultos que consomem as folhas das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer uma chave, com o diagnóstico e fotografi as dos adultos, para sua identifi cação. Também são apresentadas informações sobre a distribuição geográfi ca das espécies, associação com outras plantas e discutidos aspectos relevantes da sua biologia, com ênfase à oviposição. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Curculionidae, Naupactini, besouro-da-raiz, identifi cação, dano radicular ABSTRACT -Ten species of broad nosed weevils belonging to Entiminae, Naupactini, are recorded as harmful for roots of citrus in São Paulo state, Brazil. Most species belong to Naupactus Dejean, N. rivulosus (Olivier), N. tarsalis Boheman, N. curtus Boheman, N. navicularis Boheman, N. versatilis Hustache, N. ambiguus Boheman, and N. cervinus Boheman; one species was assigned to Teratopactus Heller, T. nodicollis (Boheman); one to Parapantomorus, P. fl uctuosus Schoenherr (Boheman) and one to Symmathetes Schoenherr (a genus herein reinstated), S. kollari Schoenherr. Larvae live in soil and bore on roots of the trees, causing more damages than adults, that feed on leaves. The main goal of this paper is to provide a key, diagnosis and habitus photographs of the species, in order to facilitate their identifi cation. We also provide information on their geographic range in Brazil and previous plant associations, and we discuss some relevant biological features, especially those related to oviposition habits.

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-Adults of Naupactus curtus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eating leaves of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), Barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) and mulberry (Morus alba L.) are recorded in Brazil. The record was made during the rainy

Neotropical Entomology 32(3): 511-512 (2003) Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

The locust species Schistocerca cancellata Serville, endemic to South America, is known for its ability to form dense swarms, which reach the status of agricultural pest for several crops in southern South America. This article aimed to gather more accurate information about the history, biology, ecology, and control of S. cancellata, because of the 2021 invasions, which threatened to invade the Brazilian territory. During outbreak periods, swarms consume any available vegetation in the occurrence areas of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and Bolivia. These invasions have been well documented in history, since they left deep marks wherever they went, especially in Argentina, which to this day represents the country that most accounted for agricultural losses from outbreaks. economy’s main current means of control are based on pesticides, whose chemical composition induces a series of damages to health, the environment, and consequently the ecosystem. Knowing about the biological processes of this locust is an important factor in understanding how swarms form, as well as controlling them. The intergovernmental coalition shows positive results in monitoring and controlling the swarms, which, even demonstrating stability, remain under constant surveillance by competent bodies.

The soybean is the most cultivated grain crop in Brazil and there are many efforts to protect visitor pollinators, especially honeybees. The understanding of honeybee behavior on soybean fields is important to growers to apply integrated pest management strategies to avoid harm the pollinators. The European bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) is a social bee, with European origin, whose the worker length is 12 mm to 13 mm with darker chest hairs. In this sense, foraging hours of Apis on soybean, its spatial distribution, the effect of pollination on soybean yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybee behavior were investigated. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was performed in a soybean field with 79 sampling points and four insecticide treatments to understand the spatial distribution of honeybees. In addition, foraging behavior of honeybees was evaluated hourly from 7:00am to 7:00pm randomly on 40 sampling points. The second experiment was carried out in cages with and without honeybees to quantify the effect of pollination on soybean yield under spray of chemical insecticides. Four hives with Africanized honeybees (A. mellifera) were set around the area. The hives had approximately six to eight brood frames and two to four food frames. Insecticides were sprayed as diferent treatments. The first experiment showed that honeybees prefer to forage on soybean flowers from 10:00am to 1:00pm and have random distribution. The use of A. mellifera as a pollinator did not increase the yield of soybean. Besides the particular manner of experiment’s conduction, the information of foraging behavior of honeybees, the pollination effect on soybeans yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybees are prudently discussed and some implication for soybean producers are also carefully addressed to avoid insecticide applications to harm pollinators. It is important to understand that the effect of pollination on yield of soybean depends on environmental conditions, cultivars, the effect of caging plants, and the abnormally high concentration of bees in the cages