Although the technology of fuel injection in motorcycles has reached ports and direct injection, motorcycles with carburetors are still used. In this research, the carburetor was modified by adding a swirling vane. This study is intended to provide an explanation regarding engine performance which includes torque, power, mileage, emissions, and engine oil temperature. The study begins with a review of the shape and flow characteristics of the swirling vane based on the largest flow according to previous studies. Then, a swirling vane is built and tested to ensure its optimal shape. The findings were compared with conventional carburetor-based engines that had not been treated. Experiments were also carried out on gasoline-ethanol to obtain optimal results and use them appropriately for alternative fuel applications. A comparison of data on torque, power, exhaust emissions, temperature, and mileage reveals that vehicles modified with swirling vanes have better performance. Furthermore, based on the results of gasoline-ethanol application tests, this design is only suitable for use up to E25.
Article InfoHigh Speed Steel (HSS) tool is commonly used in engineering applications, especially as cutters. The shortfall of this materials are wear and corrosion. However, these can be reduced by coating the surface of the material. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coating, quenching heating treatment, and tempering on the physical and mechanical properties of HSS surface. The physical characteristics which will be investigated is the micro structure, while the mechanical characteristics are hardness, wear and corrosion rate. HSS has variations in their chemical composition (% mass): 0.75-1.5 C, Co >12, V > 5, 4-4.5 Cr,10-20 W and Mo. Furthermore, DLC coating uses Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) technique with variation in the duration of coating (1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours) at temperature of 300℃, with pressure variations of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 millibar. DLC coating material be treated from methane or ethane gas, which is streamed into the fire with Argon (Ar). The result shows variations in DLC coating and the hardness grade depends on the coating time and pressure variation. DLC coating for a duration of 4 hours under 1.8 mbar pressure can reduce the surface hardness of HSS tool by 62% accompanied by increased ductility. AbstrakPerkakas dari baja kecepatan tinggi (HSS) umumnya digunakan dalam aplikasi teknik, terutama sebagai pemotong. Kekurangan bahan ini adalah keausan dan korosi. Namun, ini dapat dikurangi dengan melapisi permukaan material. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini pertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek lapisan Diamond Like Carbon (DLC), perlakuan panas quenching, dan tempering pada sifat fisik dan mekanik permukaan HSS. Karakteristik fisik yang akan diinvestigasi adalah struktur mikro, sementara karakteristik mekanisnya adalah tingkat kekerasan, keausan dan korosi. HSS memiliki variasi dalam komposisi kimianya (% massa): 0,5 C, Co> 12, V> 5,5 Cr,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) lapisan DLC menggunakan Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (Teknik PACVD) dengan variasi durasi pelapisan (1,2,3,4,5 dan 6 jam) pada suhu 300 ℃, dengan variasi tekanan 1,0,1,2,1,4,1,6,1,8 dan 2,0 millibar. Bahan pelapis DLC diolah dari metana atau gas etana, yang dialirkan ke api dengan Argon (Ar). Hasilnya menunjukkan variasi dalam lapisan DLC dan tingkat kekerasan tergantung pada waktu dan variasi tekanan lapisan. Pelapisan DLC selama 4 jam di bawah tekanan 1,8 mbar dapat mengurangi kekerasan permukaan alat HSS sebesar 62% disertai dengan peningkatan daktilitas. Kata-kata kunci: Baja kecepatan tinggi, Diamond like carbon, Pengerasan permukaan, PACVD
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