The main objective of this study was to find out how well three non-contact tonometers (Pulsair, Xpert-NCT and CT-20) compare with the Goldmann tonometer (GT). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were all evaluated for an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≧21 mm Hg. We also calculated the mean IOP, the correlation and the dispersion of the results. The difficulty in using the instruments, the patient’s attitude and subjective comfort of IOP measuring were also evaluated. We describe the advantages and shortcomings of non-contact tonometers as screening tools to detect elevated IOP in the general population.
PURPOSE: To compare the in vitro optical performance of five premium multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs), including a single-valued metric that shows the total range of distances where a multifocal IOL generates an acceptable image quality. METHODS: Through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) and the image of a United States Air Force target were obtained for a 3-mm pupil and a wavelength of 546 nm in five multifocal IOLs (Tecnis Symfony [Johnson & Johnson], FineVision Micro F [PhysIOL], Acrysof IQ PanOptix [Novartis], and Artis Symbiose Mid and Plus [Cristalens Industrie] multifocal IOLs). Total depth of focus (TDOF) is computed by adding the vergence intervals where the through-focus MTF at 50 cycles/mm is 0.15 or greater. RESULTS: Due to their different optical designs (bifocal, trifocal, or extended depth of focus), energy is distributed differently between far, intermediate, and near focus for each multifocal IOL. The light distribution of the Symbiose Mid and Plus multifocal IOLs was similar, concentrating the energy into far focus and the intermediate into near focus, but extending the intermediate focus more (Plus) or less (Mid) toward the near focus. TDOFs were: 1.58 diopters [D] (FineVision); 1.71 D (Tecnis Symfony); 1.73 D (Artis Symbiose Plus); 1.74 D (Artis Symbiose Mid); and 1.90 D (Acrysof IQ PanOptix). CONCLUSIONS: TDOFs were similar between multifocal IOLs with a maximum difference of 0.32 D and mean value of 1.73 D. The combination of the Symbiose Mid and Plus IOLs can theoretically provide a TDOF of 2.90 D in case one is implanted in one eye and the other in the fellow eye. [ J Refract Surg . 2020;36(9):578–584.]
Purpose: To corroborate whether vessels on the surface of the optic nerve head can provide protection against the loss of underlying axons in subjects with manifest glaucoma. Methods: In this pilot study, thirty-six glaucomatous eyes with a perimetric defect in the Bjerrum area were included. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured in each of the sectors of the clock-hour map obtained by Cirrus HD-OCT considering the presence or absence of blood vessels. These sectors were related with their corresponding areas of the retina examined in the visual field using a mathematical model of the retina introduced by Jansonius, in order to determine the values of threshold sensitivity in those areas in the presence or absence of vessels. Results: We corroborated the protective role of the blood vessel for peripapillary RNFL thickness of clock-hour 12 despite obtaining a p-value (p = 0.023; w = 228.5) close to the acceptance zone (p ≥ 0.05). The mean plus-or-minus sign standard deviation with vessel and without vessel were 70.95 plus-or-minus sign 24.35 and 88.46 plus-or-minus sign 23.96, respectively. No differences were found between the mean values of threshold sensitivity to the presence or absence of blood vessels in each of the sectors considered. Conclusions: Our findings do not allow us to affirm that there is an association between the presence of a vessel and protection against glaucomatous damage in subjects with an advanced manifestation of the disease. In the future, more extensive studies are needed to study this relationship in subjects with early glaucoma. Key words: astrocytes, visual field, primary open-angle glaucoma, aqueous humor, blood vessel.
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