In vitro synthesis of cefminox by cell‐free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus was investigated using α‐ketoglutarate, L‐ascorbic acid, FeSO4, S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine, and 7α‐demethoxycefminox as the substrates. The formation of cefminox was detected both by a biological assay with Proteus vulgaris GN 76/C‐1 and by high performance liquid chromatography. Although the conversion rate of 7α‐demethoxycefminox to cefminox was observed to be quite low, it still demonstrated the potential for an enzymatic process to replace the chemical steps which are currently in use for the production of cefminox.

Also isolated from the column was 15 mg of a mixture of the two isomers, bringing the total yield up to 68%.

An experimental and modeling study was conducted to assess the ground-level atmospheric ozone impacts of several types of consumer product compounds Environmental chamber experiments were carried out for the representative amines 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), ethanolamine, isopropyl amine and t-butyl amine and also for d-limonene. AMP and t-butyl amine were found to inhibit ozone formation, but the others enhanced ozone, and most were found to significantly enhance formation of secondary particle matter (PM). Methods to estimate mechanisms for amines that were qualitatively consistent with the chamber data were developed. However, the amine chamber data were not useful for quantitative valuation because the amount of amine available for gas-phase reaction could not be measured, and appeared to be significantly less than the amount injected. Estimates of atmospheric ozone impacts for the amines are also very uncertain because the amount of amines removed by reaction with HNO 3 in the atmosphere cannot be predicted. The chamber data obtained for d-limonene were well simulated by the existing d-limonene mechanism.Representations of the atmospheric reactions of for 15 amines and 30 other types of consumer product VOCs were added to the SAPRC-07 mechanism and its MIR and other reactivity scale tabulations, which are included with this report.iii

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