The microwave absorbing characteristics and resonance of Y-type hexagonal ferrite–rubber composites were investigated. The complex permeability and permittivity of Ni2−xZnxY ferrite bodies were measured using a network analyzer in the frequency range of 200 MHz–14 GHz. Two types of resonance, the domain wall and the spin rotational resonance, were observed. With a ferrite particle with a diameter of about 1 μm, only spin rotational resonance was observed. The first matching frequency, found in the ferrite–rubber composites, which was higher than that of spin rotational resonance, increased with spin rotational resonance frequency. It was also found that domain wall resonance had no effects on the microwave absorbing characteristics. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that the microwave absorbing characteristics were caused by only one type of resonance, the spin rotational resonance.

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Objectives: Data regarding acute severe hypertension, a life-threatening condition encountered in the emergency department, are limited. We aimed to identify the characteristics, practice patterns, and outcomes of patients with acute severe hypertension in the emergency department.Methods: This cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral centre included patients aged at least 18 years who were admitted to the emergency department between January 2016 and December 2019 for acute severe hypertension, which was defined as SBP at least 180 mmHg and/or DBP at least 100 mmHg.Results: Of 172 105 patients who visited the emergency department, 10 219 (5.9%) had acute severe hypertension. Of them, 2506 (24.5%) patients had acute hypertensionmediated organ damage (HMOD), and these patients had more cardiovascular risk factors than did patients without HMOD. Additionally, 4137 (40.5%) patients were admitted, and nine (0.1%) died in the emergency department. The overall 3-month, 1-year, and 3-year mortality rates were 4.8, 8.8, and 13.9%, respectively. In patients with HMOD, the 1-year mortality rate was 26.9%, and patients lost to follow-up had a significantly higher 1year mortality rate than those who were followed up (21.3 vs. 10.5%, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The mortality rate in patients with acute severe hypertension in the emergency department is high, especially in patients with HMOD. Evaluation of HMOD, investigating the underlying causes, and adequate followup are mandatory to improve the outcomes in these patients. This study emphasizes the need for diseasespecific guidelines that include detailed acute treatment strategies and follow-up management for acute severe hypertension.

We investigated the interface formation between a ZnO nanorod array and active layers of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly[3-hexylthiophene] (P3HT) in organic solar cells (OSC). We measured the interfacial electronic structures with in situ photoemission spectroscopy combined with an electrospray deposition system. Different interfacial electronic structures were observed on the ZnO nanorod array, which were compared to those of a two-dimensional ZnO film. Comparing the interfacial orbital line-ups of the active layers on the nanorod array and the film, PCBM shows Fermi level pinning behavior, but P3HT does not. These induce nearly identical orbital line-ups at the interfaces of PCBM/film and PCBM/nanorod but different line-ups at the interfaces of P3HT/film and P3HT/nanorod. These differences are understood with the integer charge transfer model with the different thresholds of Fermi level pinning of PCBM and P3HT. These results give insight into the design not only of OSCs but also of any organic electronic devices with nanostructures: changes in electronic structure due to the nanostructure formation should be considered thoroughly.

The effects of nanowire (NW) length on surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) of small molecules were investigated using ZnO NWs of 50 nm diameter with a broad range of lengths ranging from 25 to 1600 nm. Characterization of the ZnO NWs revealed that the length was the only parameter that varied in this study, while other properties of the NWs remained essentially the same as the bulk properties. Experiments on SALDI efficiency exhibited that the SALDI processes on NWs have a certain length window. In the present case of ZnO NWs, the SALDI efficiency was found to be enhanced on the nanowires of 250 nm length, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 5. The roles of NW length in the SALDI processes were discussed from the viewpoint of efficient energy-transfer media as well as physical obstacles screening laser irradiation and preventing the escape of nascent ions from NW surfaces A variety of nanostructured materials have been examined for their capabilities of surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI). Nano-and micrometersized particles including Au, Al, Mn, Sn, W, Si, Sn, SnO 2 , TiO 2 , and ZnO [2-5] have been studied as potential SALDI matrices. NWs of ZnO, SnO 2 , GaN, SiC [6], and carbon nanotubes [7], have also been examined. Among many examined materials, Si has been a subject of extensive studies due to the discovery of the desorption/ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) process by Siuzdak and colleagues [8,9]. Investigations of DIOS were further extended to Si NPs [10], Si NWs [11], and nanostructured Si surfaces [12,13]. Some mechanistic aspects involved in DIOS were also reported [14 -17], but the DIOS mechanism is not yet fully understood.ZnO is an important semiconducting material for many industrial applications [18]. It possesses a direct wide band gap (E g ϳ 3.3 eV), allowing absorption of UV photon energy at 355 nm (3.49 eV) with a large absorption coefficient (a) of 1.7 ϫ 10 5 /cm Ϫ1. The penetration depth (1/a) of 355 nm photons is only 60 nm. The bulk thermal conductivity () of ZnO has been reported to range from 0.6 ϳ 1.4 W/cm K, which is quite low and comparable to that of Si, i.e., 1.5 W/cm K. Preparation of ZnO as various nanostructures including nanotubes, nanorings, and nanobelts has also been well documented.Previously, ZnO NPs and NWs have been successfully demonstrated as SALDI matrices. Using ZnO NPs with an average diameter of 350 nm, Watanabe et al. showed successful laser desorption/ionization of various small molecules such as drugs, oligosaccharides, lipids, and synthetic polymers [5]. Kang et al. demonstrated the SALDI of small peptides on ZnO NWs with diameters of 50 -100 nm and lengths of tens of micromeAddress reprint requests to Dr.

One long-standing goal in the emerging neuromorphic field is to create a reliable neural network hardware implementation that has low energy consumption, while providing massively parallel computation. Although diverse oxide-based devices have made significant progress as artificial synaptic and neuronal components, these devices still need further optimization regarding linearity, symmetry, and stability. Here, we present a proof-of-concept experiment for integrated neuromorphic computing networks by utilizing spintronics-based synapse (spin-S) and neuron (spin-N) devices, along with linear and symmetric weight responses for spin-S using a stripe domain and activation functions for spin-N. An integrated neural network of electrically connected spin-S and spin-N successfully proves the integration function for a simple pattern classification task. We simulate a spin-N network using the extracted device characteristics and demonstrate a high classification accuracy (over 93%) for the spin-S and spin-N optimization without the assistance of additional software or circuits required in previous reports. These experimental studies provide a new path toward establishing more compact and efficient neural network systems with optimized multifunctional spintronic devices.

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