To evaluate the technical and clinical success of embolisation in patients with lifethreatening spontaneous retroperitoneal haematoma (SRH) and to assess predictors of clinical outcome.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (mean age: 71.9AE9.8 years) with SRH underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA). All patients received anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication or a combination of both at the time the SRH occurred.RESULTS: Pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed active retroperitoneal bleeding in 28 of 30 (93.3%) patients. DSA identified active haemorrhage in 22 of 30 patients (73.3%). Twenty-nine of 30 (96.7%) patients underwent embolisation. n-Butyl-2cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was used in 15 patients (51.7%), coils were used in 10 patients (34.5%), and both embolic agents were used in four patients (13.8%). The technical success rate was 100%. Pre-interventional haemoglobin levels increased significantly after embolotherapy from 70.9AE16.1 g/l to 87AE11.3 g/l (p<0.001), whereas partial thromboplastin time decreased from 58AE38 to 30AE9 seconds (p<0.001) after embolotherapy. The need for transfusion of concentrated red cells decreased from 3AE2.2 to 1AE1.1 units (p<0.001) after the intervention. Clinical success was achieved in 19 of 29 (65.5%) patients. No major procedure-related complications occurred. Seven patients (24.1%) died within 30 days after the procedure.CONCLUSION: Embolotherapy in patients with life-threatening SRH leads to a high technical success rate and is a safe therapeutic option. The clinical success rate was acceptable and

Laser ablative therapy for pulmonary metastasis is a promising option in multimodal cancer therapy. The procedure is safe and effective. The initial clinical outcome data strongly suggest that this technique has the potential to improve survival among selected patients.

MR imaging at 3 Tesla is an independent predictor for clinical outcome. Therefore MRI may be beneficial in those cases where the findings influence further treatment.

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Standard radiographs, as a fast and inexpensive technique, allow the expected size progression of heterotopic ossifications during maturation to be estimated, which is relevant in terms of therapeutic decisions, patient mobilization, and neurological rehabilitation.

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