A delayed approach to gonadectomy and vaginal reconstruction respects patient autonomy and allows a more mature patient to handle the psychological and physical trauma of surgery and rehabilitation. Since we recognize the small number of patients in this series, strict guidelines cannot be proposed.

A simple intervention which successfully prevents renal warm-ischemic damage would expand the number of surgeons and patients who benefit from laparoscopic NSS. There is no evidence that this preconditioning regimen ameliorated the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Endeavors are ongoing to determine if alternative preconditioning regimens may be beneficial.

While the transscrotal approach to artificial urinary sphincter placement has the advantage of technical ease, the anatomical and manometric findings of this cadaver study suggest that the perineal approach offers a more proximal cuff location, more robust urethral size and more effective urethral coaptation than the transscrotal approach.

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Aim: The cost–effectiveness of treatment options (anticholinergics, β3-adrenoceptor agonists, onabotulinumtoxinA, sacral nerve stimulation and percutaneous tibial stimulation [the latter two including new rechargeable neurostimulators]) for the management of overactive bladder (OAB) were compared with best supportive care (BSC) using a previously published Markov model. Materials & methods: Cost–effectiveness was evaluated over a 15-year time horizon, and sensitivity analyses were performed using 2- and 5-year horizons. Discontinuation rates, resource utilization, and costs were derived from published sources. Results: Using Medicare and commercial costs over a 15-year time period, onabotulinumtoxinA 100U had incremental cost–effectiveness ratios (ICERs) gained of $39,591/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and $42,255/QALY, respectively, versus BSC, which were the lowest ICERs of all assessed treatments. The sensitivity analyses at 2- and 5-year horizons also showed onabotulinumtoxinA to be the most cost-effective of all assessed treatments versus BSC. Conclusion: OnabotulinumtoxinA 100U is currently the most cost-effective treatment for OAB.

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Wide local excision of the subcutaneous lesion followed by combination gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy. Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15, and cisplatin was administered at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) on day 1; the schedule was repeated every 28 days for three cycles.