This article provides a theoretical framework for the Sanctuary Model®. The Sanctuary Model is a trauma-informed organizational change intervention developed by Sandra Bloom and colleagues in the early 1980s. Based on the concept of therapeutic communities, the model is designed to facilitate the development of organizational cultures that counteract the wounds suffered by the victims of traumatic experience and extended exposure to adversity. Details of the Sanctuary Model logic model are presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE •Emerging research suggests the importance of organizational culture in the delivery of evidence-based mental health services and, thus, the need for organizational interventions such as the Sanctuary Model.• By creating a restorative culture through the Sanctuary Model, service providers can be emotionally available to each other and their clients, resulting in positive relationships that create the conditions for resilience.

Child welfare professionals work on the front lines with maltreated children and their families every day. The very nature of the work can have a significant impact on their emotional well being and ability to effectively perform their jobs, potentially limiting quality service delivery and contributing to overall workforce capacity issues such a turnover. This study examined the relationship between vicarious traumatization and turnover among 1,192 child welfare professionals in five different child welfare organizations across four states. Propositions from constructivist self-development theory (CSDT) were utilized to examine the causal relationship between vicarious traumatization and child welfare professionals' intent to leave their organization. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to assess the degree of fit between the observed data and a hypothesized theoretical model examining the relationship between vicarious trauma and intent to leave. Findings from SEM analyses revealed a significant relationship between vicarious traumatization and intent to leave. This finding indicates that child welfare professionals who experienced higher rates of vicarious traumatization are more likely to leave their organization. Implications of these findings for theory, practice, and research are delineated.

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There is increasing interest in the human services field in transformational leadership (Fisher, 2009;Gellis, 2001;Mary, 2005) and the association between this style of leadership and employee engagement, thus impacting the quality of services delivered (Everett & Sitterding, 2011;Mary, 2005). The Sanctuary Model ® , a trauma-informed organizational intervention, promotes many elements of the transformational style of leadership, especially the elements of inspiration, optimism, encouragement, honesty, motivation, respect, team-orientation, effective communications,

Abstract. Background: Youth experiencing homelessness are at risk for sex trafficking and mental health concerns. Aims: More information is needed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of suicidal ideation and behavior among youth experiencing sex trafficking. Method: The present study examined suicidal ideation and behavior in a convenience sample of 128 youths experiencing homelessness aged 12–25 years in metropolitan Louisville, Kentucky, and southern Indiana. Participants were asked seven questions regarding suicidal ideation and attempts as part of an enhanced version of the 60-item Youth Experiences Survey (YES). Results: Approximately 53% of the sample reported experiencing suicidal ideation at some point in their lifetime and the odds of a youth experiencing homelessness who had experienced sex trafficking reporting suicidal ideation was 3.87 times higher than the odds of a youth experiencing homelessness who had not experienced sex trafficking. Additionally, of those who reported experiencing suicidal ideation, the majority (84.4%) reported they had attempted suicide in their lifetime. Limitations: This study relied on a convenience sample of youth receiving services in the Kentuckiana region and brief, self-report measures yielding categorical data. Conclusion: Programs servicing youth experiencing homelessness should require additional training and resources regarding the identification, screening, and assessment of youth who are at risk of or who have experienced sex trafficking in order to more quickly connect youth with much-needed, trauma-informed services.

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This article presents findings from an exploratory study o f the implementation o f the Sanctuary Model®, a traumainform ed organizational change model, from the perspective o f indirect care staff in a voluntary child welfare agency.Results suggest tha t organizational readiness fo r change is associated w ith perceived success w ith change efforts.Additionally, the perceived role-modeling o f traum a-inform ed behavior by agency staff differed by position, w ith subordinates best demonstrating desired behavior and leadership the least. The benefits o f a participatory action research approach to organizational study are presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE •In supporting organizational change efforts in human service agencies, it is im portant to engage both indirect care and direct care staff in the change process.• Obtaining staff Input during organizational change ef forts may highlight areas in which the organization can focus its attention to facilitate the intended changes.