BackgroundMale Circumcision (MC) has been recommended as one of the preventive measures against sexual HIV transmission by the World Health Organization (WHO). Rwanda has adopted MC as recommended but the country is a non-traditionally circumcising society. The objective was to explore knowledge and perception of Rwandan men on Male Circumcision (MC) and to determine the factors associated with the willingness to be circumcised and to circumcise their sons.MethodsThis cross sectional study was conducted in 29 districts of Rwanda between January and March 2010. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire among men aged 15-59 years. The rate of MC was measured and its perception from respondents, and then the factors associated with the willingness to go for MC were analysed using multiple logistic regressions.ResultsA total of 1098 men were interviewed. Among respondents 17% (95% CI 14-19%) reported being circumcised. About three-quarter (72%) could define MC, but 37% of adolescent could not. Half of the participants were willing to get circumcised and 79% of men would accept circumcision for their sons. The main motivators for MC were its benefits in HIV/STI prevention (69%) and improving hygiene (49%). Being too old was the main reason (32%) reported by men reluctant to undergo MC and younger men were afraid of pain in particular those less than 19 years old (42%). The willingness to circumcise was significantly associated with younger age, living in the Eastern Province, marital status, and the knowledge of the preventive role of circumcision.ConclusionsAdolescents and young adults were more willing to be circumcised. It is critical to ensure the availability of pain free services in order to satisfy the increasing demand for the scale up of MC in Rwanda.
engaged in substance abuse and sexual behaviours that increase their risk of HIV transmission, and STD transmission and acquisition. Such patients were more likely to want to discuss their mental health concerns than those who did not engage in these behaviours. These findings underscore the importance of interventions to decrease risky sexual behaviour and to promote clinical assessment of mental health needs for this patient population. A mental health assessment can identify patients who might need greater psychosocial support or referral for treatment of substance abuse and underlying mental illness. Background National AIDS control of Pakistan and its development partner Canadian Government CIDA is seeking for effective AIDS surveillance. However, prevailing illiteracy and conservative societal norms are challenging factors in preventing HIV spread. Factors which lead to behavioural changes among people if they have been told of their HIV positive status are complicated and directly related to self-esteem and personal liberation. Methods We evaluated this complex phenomenon with an aim to identify factors that prevent a person to disclose his/her HIV status to family members. Effort was also made to characterise determinants of prevailing stigma at society level for HIV positive and PLHA. Self structured questionnaire with binary and multiple response items was used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of stigma at family and societal level. Results A total of 412 subjects (178 females and 234 males) were included in the study. Family level anticipated stigma items that were significantly associated with HIV test refusal were family perception, life partner perception, family break-up and neglect by family. Social indicators for prevalent stigmatisation were losing job and livelihood, bad treatment by the healthcare worker and difficulty in finding marital partner of choice (Abstract P5-S1.03 table 1). Conclusions The study concludes that prevailing stigma is the major hindrance for running effective AIDS surveillance program. Clinical programs to prevent HIV infection must be integrated with psychiatric care service as a policy to improve awareness and peoples' willingness for HIV testing. Background and Aim Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a condition commonly attributable to chlamydia infection. This qualitative study sought to explore the sexual, reproductive and psychological impact of this condition. P5- P5-S1.04 THE IMPACT OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE ON SEXUAL, REPRODUCTIVE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTHMethods In depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women diagnosed with PID. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic women were recruited from primary and tertiary healthcare services. Interviews were conducted with women from 2 to 12 months post-diagnosis in order to explore short and longer term psychological responses and experiences. A brief, self-report questionnaire containing demographic items was also completed by all wom...
When voluntary medical male circumcision (MC) was confirmed as an effective tool for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007, many public health policy makers and practitioners were eager to implement the intervention. How to roll out the tool as part of comprehensive strategy however was less clear. At the time, very little was known about the capacity of health systems to scale delivery of the new intervention. Today, nearly all countries prioritized for the intervention are far behind their targets. To contribute to the discourse on why this is, we develop a historical analysis of medical MC planning in sub-Saharan Africa using our own experience of this process in Rwanda. We compare our previously unpublished feasibility analysis from 2008 with international research published in 2009, which suggested how Rwanda could reduce HIV incidence through a rapid MC intervention, and Rwanda’s eventual 2010 official operational plan. We trace how, in the face of uncertainty, operational plans avoided discussing the details of feasibility and focused instead on defining optimal circumcision capacity needed to achieve country level target reductions in HIV incidence. We show a distinct gap between the targets set in the official operational plan and what we determined was feasible in 2008. With actual data from the ground now available, we show our old feasibility models more closely approximate circumcision delivery rates to date. With an eye toward the future of long-term policy planning, we discuss the mechanics of how accountability gaps like this occur in global health policy making and how practitioners can better create achievable operational targets.
We interviewed the children with questionnaire about socioeconomics factors, hygiene, living conditions and their dietary habits. Results A lower frequency of fermented dairy food, fruits and vegetable consumption was registred among children with Hp reinfection as compared to not been re-infected.Among persons with Hp re-infection were noted low socio-economic markers such as croweded living conditions, a large number of siblings and unclean water. Conclusions Might decrease the risk of Hp re-infection the use of probiotic, vitamin C, antioxidants contained in fruit and vegetables.Risk factors for Hp re-infection are low socioeconomics factors, hygiene and living conditions.
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