This playful interchange was transcribed from a Fleer Bubble Gum wrapper. We thank Lisa Torreano for sharing it with us. 1211This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. Cl: We are approaching the deadline. (T) C2: We have reached the deadline. (F) C3: We are coming up on the deadline. (T) C4: We have passed the deadline. (F) T: We are drawing nearer to the deadline. (T)
. (2017) 'Magmatic-tectonic conditions for hydrothermal venting on an ultraslow-spread oceanic core complex. ', Geology., 45 (9). pp. 839-842. Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1130/G39045.1Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. CaySeis experiment, we determined the seismic velocities in the large massif beneath the 20 VDVF. We propose that this massif was produced by a pulse of on-axis magmatism ~2 21Mya, which was then followed by exhumation, cooling, and fracturing. A low seismic 22
We report the results of a two‐dimensional tomographic inversion of marine seismic refraction data from an array of ocean‐bottom seismographs (OBSs), which produced an image of the crustal structure along the axial valley of the ultraslow spreading Mid‐Cayman Spreading Center (MCSC). The seismic velocity model shows variations in the thickness and properties of the young oceanic crust that are consistent with the existence of two magmatic‐tectonic segments along the 110 km long spreading center. Seismic wave speeds are consistent with exhumed mantle at the boundary between these two segments, but changes in the vertical gradient of seismic velocity suggest that volcanic crust occupies most of the axial valley seafloor along the seismic transect. The two spreading segments both have a low‐velocity zone (LVZ) several kilometers beneath the seafloor, which may indicate the presence of shallow melt. However, the northern segment also has low seismic velocities (3 km/s) in a thick upper crustal layer (1.5–2.0 km), which we interpret as an extrusive volcanic section with high porosity and permeability. This segment hosts the Beebe vent field, the deepest known high‐temperature black smoker hydrothermal vent system. In contrast, the southern spreading segment has seismic velocities as high as 4.0 km/s near the seafloor. We suggest that the porosity and permeability of the volcanic crust in the southern segment are much lower, thus limiting deep seawater penetration and hydrothermal recharge. This may explain why no hydrothermal vent system has been found in the southern half of the MCSC.
Background: The number of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) carried out globally is expected to substantially rise in the coming decades. Consequently, focus has been increasing on improving surgical techniques and minimizing expenses. Robotic arm–assisted knee arthroplasty has garnered interest to reduce surgical errors and improve precision. Objectives: Our primary aim was to compare the episode-of-care cost up to 90 days for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and TKA performed before and after the introduction of robotic arm–assisted technology. The secondary aim was to compare the volume of UKA vs TKA. Methods: This was a retrospective study design at a single healthcare system. For the cost analysis, we excluded patients with bilateral knee arthroplasty, body mass index >40, postoperative infection, or noninstitutional health plan insurance. Costs were obtained through an integrated billing system and affiliated institutional insurance company. Results: Knee arthroplasty volume increased 28% after the introduction of robotic-assisted technology. The TKA volume increased by 17%, while the UKA volume increased 190%. Post introduction, 97% of UKA cases used robotic arm–assisted technology. The cost analysis included 178 patients (manual UKA, n = 6; robotic UKA, n = 19; manual TKA, n = 58, robotic TKA, n = 85). Robotic arm–assisted TKA and UKA were less costly in terms of patient room and operating room costs but had higher imaging, recovery room, anesthesia, and supply costs. Overall, the perioperative costs were higher for robotic UKA and TKA. Postoperative costs were lower for robotic arm–assisted surgeries, and patients used less home health and home rehabilitation. Discussion: Surgeons performed higher volumes of UKA, and UKA comprised a greater percentage of total surgical volume after the introduction of this technology. The selective cost analysis indicated robotic arm–assisted technology is less expensive in several cost categories but overall more expensive by up to $550 due to higher cost categories including supplies and recovery room. Conclusions: Our findings show a change in surgeons’ practice to include increased incidence and volume of UKA procedures and highlights several cost-saving categories through the use of robotic arm–assisted technology. Overall, robotic arm–assisted knee arthroplasty cost more than manual techniques at our institution. This analysis will help optimize costs in the future.
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