A programação de computadores é um conhecimento complexo porque para ser aprendido demanda a operacionalização de várias habilidades. No caso de estudantes surdos, o desafio é ainda maior pois a aprendizagem é dificultada pelas limitações no domínio da segunda língua que impactam diretamente nas habilidades de interpretação textual, na compreensão do problema, na sequenciação lógica de algoritmos, na escrita e na depuração de programas, que são habilidades fundamentais no processo de programação. Considerando os desafios do ensino de programação para surdos, este trabalho recomenda ações e tecnologias assistivas, propõe a extensão de um curso de programação a distância a partir de vídeos assistivos produzidos dinamicamente no ensino presencial e apresenta relatos de experiências de produção de vídeos assistivos para um curso de programação a distância.
Presented here is a broadly applicable, transparent, repeatable analytical framework for assessing relative risk of anthropogenic disturbances on marine vertebrates, with the emphasis on the sound generating aspects of the activity. The objectives are to provide managers and action-proponents tools with which to objectively evaluate drivers of potential biological risk, to identify data gaps that limit assessment, and to identify actionable measures to reduce risk. Current regulatory assessments of how human activities (particularly those that produce sound) influence the likelihood of marine mammal behavioral responses and potential injury, rely principally on generalized characterizations of exposure and effect using simple, threshold-based criteria. While this is relatively straightforward in regulatory applications, this approach fails to adequately address realistic site and seasonal scenarios, other potential stressors, and scalable outcome probabilities. The risk assessment presented here is primarily based on a common and broad understanding of the spatial-temporal-spectral intersections of animals and anthropogenic activities, and specific examples of its application to hypothetical offshore wind farms are given. The resulting species- and activity-specific framework parses risk into two discrete factors: a population’s innate ‘vulnerability’ (potential degree of susceptibility to disturbance) and an ‘exposure index’ (magnitude-duration severity resulting from exposure to an activity). The classic intersection of these factors and their multi-dimensional components provides a relativistic risk assessment process for realistic evaluation of specified activity contexts, sites, and schedules, convolved with species-specific seasonal presence, behavioral-ecological context, and natural history. This process is inherently scalable, allowing a relativistic means of assessing potential disturbance scenarios, tunable to animal distribution, region, context, and degrees of spatial-temporal-spectral resolution.
The Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (CVOW) pilot project consists of two 6-megawatt wind turbines located 27 miles off the coast of Virginia Beach, VA. Monopile foundations with a diameter of 7.8 m at the seafloor were installed via impact pile driving on two separate days during May 2020. A double bubble curtain was used during the installation of one of the monopiles and no sound mitigation system was used during the installation of the second. The resulting acoustic field was measured during the impact pile driving using a suite of stationary and towed sensors to characterize the effectiveness of the bubble curtain in attenuating the sound levels at various ranges and azimuths. Metrics including the peak sound pressure level, sound exposure level, and kurtosis of each pile strike were determined and analyzed as a function of distance from the foundation. The frequency and azimuthal dependence of the bubble curtain effectiveness was also investigated. [Work supported by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM.)]
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.