A contact lens embeddable display using electro-optic modulation was designed and fabricated. Using a guest–host liquid crystal configuration, a spherically deformed liquid crystal cell was fabricated comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) as a conductive layer and obliquely evaporated SiO2 as an alignment layer. An additional SiO2 buffer layer was evaporated on top of the PEDOT : PSS to overcome compatibility problems with the patterning of the photolithographically defined spacers. Although the contrast is modest, a patterned modulation could clearly be observed, indicating that our approach and fabrication process could eventually lead to a fully pixelated contact lens display
In this paper, we present an electrically controllable microoptical component for light beam steering and light intensity distribution built on the combination of nematic liquid crystal (LC) and polymer microprisms. Polymer microprism arrays are fabricated using soft embossing with elastic polydimethylsiloxane molds and ultraviolet curable resins. Surface profiling measurements show that the dimensions of the replicated prisms closely approximate those of the master prism. Two different LC alignment techniques were employed: hybrid rubbing alignment and obliquely evaporated SiO 2 alignment, both of which result in proper alignment of the LC molecules along the prism groove direction. The operation voltage of the LC components is relatively low (10 V rms ). The steering angle of a green laser beam was experimentally studied as a function of applied voltage, and a steering range of 3 was found. The active LC components also effectively deflect a collimated white light beam over a steering angle of about 2 with an efficiency of 27%-33%. All the optical measurements are in agreement with theoretical calculations based on Snell's law.
We show an active artificial iris based on solely thin-film components, wherein several LCD elements are controlled a metal-oxide TFT and by powered by thin-film photovoltaics (TFPV). Key aspects for the driver are size and low power consumption. We demonstrate power consumption down to 25µW for the full iris.
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