Microfabrication of a spherically curved liquid crystal display enabling the integration in a smart contact lens

Vanhaverbeke, Celine; Verplancke, Rik; Smet, Jelle De; Cuypers, Dieter; Smet, Herbert De

doi:10.1016/j.displa.2017.05.005

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Channels can be exploited to fabricate conducting contacts due to enhanced sticktion of such roughened surfaces . Such processing can find its applications in contact lens‐embedded LEDs, displays and communication systems . In addition, a lens containing nanoscale channels is also promising for inducing anti‐bacterial properties .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Surface Modification of Contact Lenses

et al. 2018

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The authors report on the laser-induced modification of surface properties of contact lenses. Selective areas of the surface of commercial silicon-hydrogel contact lenses are patterned in array formats using different powers of the CO 2 laser. 1D arrays of different groove densities, channels, and 2D intersecting architecture are fabricated. Contact angle measurements are carried out to measure the surface hydrophilicity, and extent of hydration is linked with the surface profile properties and the space gap between the fabricated patterns, which are controlled by the beam exposure time, beam power, and scan speed. Laser treatment of contact lenses results in improved hydration proportional to the density of laser ablated segments on the surface. The hydration time of water droplets on different lens surfaces is also recordedall 2D patterned lenses show faster hydration as water quickly diffused into the bulk of the lens due to the extended interfacial area between the contact lens and the water droplet as a consequence of larger areal modification in 2D as compared with 1D patterns. The best wettability properties are obtained with 0.3 mm space gap, 9 W power, and 200 mm s À1 scan speed. Optical microscopy is used to image the 3D surface profiles of the modified lenses and the depth of the patterns and is correlated with the experimental observations. The maximum depth of 40 mm is observed with 0.3 mm space gap, 9 W, and 200 mm s À1 scan speed. Optical transmittance of broadband white light is measured to assess the surface treatment effects on the contact lenses. A large exposure and dense patterning of contact lens result in decreased (down to a minimum of 45%) in the light transmittance, which dictates the practical usability of such patterning. Surface treatment of contact lenses can be utilized to deposit stable conducting connection for onlens-LEDs, displays, and communication antennas as well as for stabilizing biosensing materials and drug dispensing applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Surface Modification of Contact Lenses

et al. 2018

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“…A range of new technologies is currently undergoing development. Integration of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) [9], [10] leads to the possibility of active vision correction or enhancement, with electronic focusing and other techniques. SCLs with a single pixel LED indicator have also been reported [7], [6].…”

Section: Objectives and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

70‐4: Late‐News Paper: Electronic Contact Lens for Senses beyond Sight

Donora

Underwood

2019

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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“…Numerous technological advances have been reported for sensors, displays, and microchips with wired or wireless power supply systems to produce smart contact lenses. In 2014, Google demonstrated a proof‐of‐concept electrical contact lens that assists diabetics by monitoring the glucose level in their tears and transferring related information wirelessly if the glucose concentration remains high after the wearer has eaten a meal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient, Flexible Wireless‐Powered Circuit Printed on a Moist, Soft Contact Lens

Takamatsu

Chen

Yoshimasu

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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substantially greater functionality than an electrical eyeglass. [2,3] Numerous technological advances have been reported for sensors, [4][5][6] displays, [7][8][9][10] and microchips [11] with wired [12][13][14] or wireless power supply systems [15][16][17] to produce smart contact lenses. In 2014, Google demonstrated a proof-of-concept electrical contact lens that assists diabetics by monitoring the glucose level in their tears and transferring related information wirelessly if the glucose concentration remains high after the wearer has eaten a meal. [18] Other research efforts include a readout integrated circuit (IC) chip for wireless communication from a contact lens, [19] a graphene lens coating for electromagnetic interference shielding, [20] and sensors to monitor intraocular pressure [21][22][23] and biochemical changes [24][25][26] for human diagnostics. Separately, Minteer and co-workers developed chemical sensors [27] and biofuel cell systems [28] on contact lenses. However, all such attempts have involved dry lithography on hard/soft contact lenses, or an electronics sandwich structure between two contact lens layers. Most electrical circuit printing techniques are difficult to apply to soft, moist surfaces, but most people prefer wearing moist and oxygen-permeable soft contact lenses.Here, we demonstrate an electrochemical (EC) direct printing of integrated wireless-powered circuits onto a moist, soft contact lens (Figure 1a). EC printing is based on the polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) glue at the interface between the circuit and the hydrogel-based substrate. [29,30] The wireless-powered system consists of an in-parallel connection with a loop antenna inductor (L) and a miniaturized ceramic capacitor (C) for an eyeglass and a contact lens; it is designed for power transfer at a resonant frequency of 13.56 MHz. The frequency is an industrial science medical (ISM) band suitable for receiving power without energy loss when the antenna is positioned near an aqueous medium. This band is also suitable for designing a small loop antenna mounted on the contact lens. We optimized the antenna design and the coupling capacitor for electrical eyeglass and contact lenses to achieve a high power transfer efficiency (η) at an appropriate radiation distance. The system is combined with an AC/DC rectifier circuit and a single light-emitting diode (LED) to demonstrate wireless LED lighting on a pig eye even when the eye is rotated to the maximum angle for human eye rotation (Figure 1b). Contact lens with built-in electronics is a next-generation wearable productwith potential applications such as biomedical sensing and wearable displays. However, fabricating a wireless-powered circuit on a moist, soft contact lens, via common dry lithography, makes producing smart contact lenses challenging. Here, electrochemically (EC) printing a wireless-powered circuit onto a moist, soft contact lens is demonstrated. EC printing involves adding a conductive polymer at the interface between a metal contact and ...

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Microfabrication of a spherically curved liquid crystal display enabling the integration in a smart contact lens

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Laser‐Induced Surface Modification of Contact Lenses

Laser‐Induced Surface Modification of Contact Lenses

70‐4: Late‐News Paper: Electronic Contact Lens for Senses beyond Sight

Highly Efficient, Flexible Wireless‐Powered Circuit Printed on a Moist, Soft Contact Lens

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