The development of input device technology in a conformal and stretchable format is important for the advancement of various wearable electronics. Herein, we report a capacitive touch sensor with good sensing capabilities in both contact and noncontact modes, enabled by the use of graphene and a thin device geometry. This device can be integrated with highly deformable areas of the human body, such as the forearms and palms. This touch sensor detects multiple touch signals in acute recordings and recognizes the distance and shape of the approaching objects before direct contact is made. This technology offers a convenient and immersive human-machine interface and additional potential utility as a multifunctional sensor for emerging wearable electronics and robotics.

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202005858. tion input and output and in vitro and in vivo healthcare and diagnosis is reviewed. The challenges, potential solutions, and perspectives on trends for future work are also discussed.

Penetrating electronics have been used for treating epilepsy, yet their therapeutic effects are debated largely due to the lack of a large-scale, real-time, and safe recording/stimulation. Here, the proposed technology integrates ultrathin epidural electronics into an electrocorticography array, therein simultaneously sampling brain signals in a large area for diagnostic purposes and delivering electrical pulses for treatment. The system is empirically tested to record the ictal-like activities of the thalamocortical network in vitro and in vivo using the epidural electronics. Also, it is newly demonstrated that the electronics selectively diminish epileptiform activities, but not normal signal transduction, in live animals. It is proposed that this technology heralds a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic brain-machine interfaces. Such an electronic system can be applicable for several brain diseases such as tinnitus, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, and schizophrenia.

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Cortical maps, which are indicative of cognitive status, are shaped by the organism’s experience. Previous mapping tools, such as penetrating electrodes and imaging techniques, are limited in their ability to be used to assess high-resolution brain maps largely owing to their invasiveness and poor spatiotemporal resolution, respectively. In this study, we developed a flexible graphene-based multichannel electrode array for electrocorticography (ECoG) recording, which enabled us to assess cortical maps in a time- and labor-efficient manner. The flexible electrode array, formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene, provided low impedance and electrical noise because a good interface between the graphene and brain tissue was created, which improved the detectability of neural signals. Furthermore, cortical map remodeling was induced upon electrical stimulation at the cortical surface through a subset of graphene spots. This result demonstrated the macroscale plasticity of cortical maps, suggesting perceptual enhancement via electrical rehabilitation at the cortical surface.

Various electrophysiological and imaging techniques have been studied for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. In particular, electrocorticography (ECoG) provides valuable information that can guide clinical treatment of patients with epilepsy. Currently, it is necessary to define the clinical benefits of ECoG in free-moving animals for the treatment of epilepsy. Here, we present the results of simultaneous recordings of multiple cortical sites and responsive neurostimulations for epilepsy treatment carried out in free-moving rats. In this study, we developed a high-density, flexible electrode array comprising graphene/Au/graphene that stably wraps onto the cortex surface of a living rat brain, exhibiting a superior signal-to-noise ratio. The hybrid graphene multichannel electrode successfully detected brain signals with high-throughput spatiotemporal resolution and substantially suppressed pilocarpine-induced epileptic discharges and behavior. Simultaneous recording and neurostimulation in awake animals can lead to a fundamental change in the treatment of medically intractable epilepsy.

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