ABSTRACT:Introduction: Diabetic foot is one of the common complications associated with diabetes. The treatment of metformin may help in reducing the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients.
Background: hypertension affects many people worldwide and it is highly prevalent in Jordan. Living at different areas with different attitudes may have impacts in hypertension. Study objectives: to identify the prevalence of hypertension in two areas in Jordan with different attitudes and to determine the impact of attitudes in hypertension and angiotensin II to be able to determine the appropriate antihypertensive drug for such population. Methodology: a cross-sectional study design was conducted to collect data from participants. The study included 1000 participants, 500 from each area. A constructed questionnaire was used in this study. Blood samples were taken from participants to assay for angiotensin II. Blood pressure was measured for all patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Data was presented as means, frequencies, percentages. The relationship between variables was examined using independent T-test. Significance was considered at alpha level <0.05. European Scientific Journal December 2016 edition vol.12, No.36 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 447 Study findings: the main findings of the present study were that cardiac variables including SPS, DBP, MBP, and pulse were significantly higher in Ajloun compared with the Sea level area (p=0.001). This is also applied for PCV. The mean concentration of angiotensin II in the Sea level was 11.21± 6.05 pg/ml, and this was lower than that in the Ajloun area 12.08± 5.19, but this mean difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: living in high altitude is associated with increased potential to have increased levels of cardiac parameters independently of the level of angiotensin II and the therapeutic options for patients with hypertension should be taken into account.
ABSTRACT:Introduction: Liver is a vital organ and mediates many cellular processes. Liver may be injured in diabetes. Metformin treatment shows a high potential to lower the risk of liver injury or to ameliorate its damage. Study objective:To explore the potential of metformin treatment in reducing the level of liver injury. Methods and subjects:The present study employed the retrospective study design to review the files of diabetic patients. Study variables includedgender, age, duration of diabetes, metformin treatment, and liver function tests. Datawere analyzed using SPSS version 21. The relationship between variables was examined using Chi-square test, and T test. Significance was considered if p< 0.05. Study results:The study included 62 diabetic patients. The mean age of study participants was 62.95± 11.98 years, a total of 33 (53.22%) of study participants were males, duration of diabetes was 7.51±5.86 years, metformin was used as a diabetic therapeutic option by 41 (66.13%), the mean dose of metformin was 1617.32±694.49 mg, the mean level of AST was 16.01±7.79 (U/L), the mean level of ALT was 18.500±8.89 (U/L), and the mean level of bilirubin was 0.38±0.18 (mg/dl). A significant relationship was found between metformin dose and each of liver enzymes (p=0.000). When the mean levels of liver enzymes were compared between metformin group and without metformin group, no significant differences were observed. Conclusion:Liver injury in diabetes is a long term process and the use of metformin can offer protection against liver injury through keeping liver enzymes within normal limits.
Background and objectives: angiotensin II is involved in the development of hypertension. The main objectives of the study were to measure and compare the levels of angiotensin II among normal population in various areas with different altitudes Methods: Study design: cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from participants at the same time. Study setting: participants from various areas with different altitudes were recruited to participate in this study. A total of 1500 participants were included.
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