Ein Schwimmer im Dunkeln: In einem bipolaren elektrochemischen System ist der Vortrieb eines leitfähigen Objekts mit dessen Lichtemission gekoppelt. Die asymmetrische Redoxaktivität auf der Oberfläche des Schwimmers (schwarze Kugel im Bild) führt zur Bildung von Gasblasen, die den Schwimmer ein Glasröhrchen hinauftreiben. Die Bewegung des Schwimmers lässt sich durch die gleichzeitige Elektrochemilumineszenz (ECL) verfolgen.

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We report an overall complication rate of 10.4% associated with the afferent antireflux nipple valve in the Kock ileal reservoir. Most complications can be treated endoscopically without difficulty on an outpatient basis with the use of local sedation. With these results, and only a 3% incidence of open surgical correction of all afferent nipple problems, we encourage the continued use of the intussuscepted afferent nipple valve whenever continent urinary diversion is performed.

Flexible ureteropyeloscopy was performed on 59 patients with 2.7, 3.2 or 3.6 mm. endoscopes with a deflectable tip. Techniques for use of these flexible endoscopes are discussed in detail. The endoscope could be passed into the ureter in 58 patients and into the kidney in 52 (88 per cent). The entire collecting system was visualized in 23 of the most recent 29 patients (79 per cent). A diagnosis was achieved in all 23 patients with an intrarenal filling defect demonstrated radiographically. The source of gross hematuria alone could be defined in 9 of 17 patients. Surveillance for tumor was achieved in 5 of 5 patients and for residual calculus in 4 of 4. The endoscope was used to establish continuity successfully in 3 patients with an obstructed ureteropelvic junction. An instrument with a deflectable tip and some technique for irrigation are essential for intrarenal inspection and complete visualization of the ureter. This procedure is valuable in selected patients and it rapidly may become the technique of choice for the diagnosis of intrarenal filling defects. It also is of value in patients with benign, essential hematuria.