Local non-weight-bearing decreased the deformity following ischemic femoral head osteonecrosis and increased the rates of revascularization and resorption of the infarcted epiphysis.
Objectives: We sought to evaluate the impact of crossing strategy on the incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) during chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The optimal technique for crossing coronary CTOs remains controversial. Methods: We retrospectively examined the incidence of PMI among 184 consecutive patients who underwent CTO PCI at our institution between 2012 and 2015. Creatine kinase-myocardial band fraction (CK-MB) and troponin were measured before and after PCI in all patients. PMI was defined as CK-MB increase !33 upper limit of normal (ULN). Results: Mean age was 65 6 8 years, 98% of patients were men, 57% had diabetes mellitus, 36% were current smokers, 38% had prior heart failure, 31% had prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and 55% had prior PCI. The retrograde approach was used in 38% of cases. As compared with antegrade wire escalation and antegrade dissection/re-entry, use of the retrograde approach was associated with higher J-CTO (Multicenter CTO Registry of Japan) scores (P < 0.0001), higher frequency of moderate or severe calcification (P 5 0.0061), longer CTO length (P < 0.0001), more frequent proximal cap ambiguity (P < 0.0001), and lower technical (P 5 0.0007) and procedural (P 5 0.0014) success. The frequency of PMI for the antegrade-only and retrograde cases was 10% and 33%, respectively (P 5 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, use of the retrograde approach and moderate/severe calcification were independently associated with higher incidence of PMI. Conclusions: As compared with antegrade-only crossing techniques, the retrograde approach is used in patients with more complex anatomy but may carry higher risk for PMI. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purpose:
To analyze and quantify the characteristics and parameters of the eyelid and adnexa of males and females and correlate these findings to an aesthetically pleasing score.
Methods:
This is an Institutional Review Board approved study involving healthy male and female volunteers. The margin-to-reflex distance, palpebral fissure, inferior scleral show, tarsal platform show, and brow fat span were measured using Image J digital photographic analysis and the images were scored by 110 non-ophthalmologists. The eyelid parameters were compared between the groups with Student t tests and the total aesthetic score was correlated to the measured parameters with Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r). This study was HIPAA-compliant with protection of individually identifiable information.
Results:
Twenty male and 22 female participants were included and divided into 2 groups based on the aesthetic score. The average aesthetic score was 3.06 for males and 3.36 for females. None of the eyelid parameters were found to be significantly significant between the 2 male groups. In females, both inferior scleral show and tarsal platform show were significantly lower in the more aesthetic group. A greater margin-to-reflex distance correlated with increased aesthetic appeal. The ratio of brow fat span/tarsal platform show was not significantly different between the 2 female groups.
Conclusions:
Quantifying goals are important for the surgical and nonsurgical management of the eyelid and periorbita. Beauty is considered to be subjective and is comprised of various criteria. However, this study reveals that the female sex may have certain quantifiable goals for eyelid parameters that are considered more aesthetically pleasing.
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