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Two double-headed aspirins, bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) succinate and bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate, have been found to be potent acylating agents of intracellular hemoglobin (A or S) in vitro. Furthermore, each of these reagents cross-links beta chains of hemoglobin, probably at the beta cleft. The modified hemoglobins show increased oxygen affinities and reduced gelation or sickling tendencies.

Delafloxacin is a novel anionic fluoroquinolone (FQ) approved for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) caused by a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The unique chemical structure of delafloxacin renders it a weak acid and results in increased potency in acidic environments. In Phase III studies, delafloxacin had similar outcomes to comparator regimens for treatment of ABSSSIs, and was well tolerated overall. Similar to other FQs, delafloxacin is available in both intravenous and oral formulations, but differs in that delafloxacin exerts a minimal effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes and on the corrected QT interval. This novel FQ has the potential to be utilized across a wide variety of clinical settings; however, post-marketing surveillance and long-term safety and resistance data will be essential to identify optimal use scenarios.

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Models such as Eckman's markedness differential hypothesis, Flege's speech learning model, and Brown's feature-based theory of perception seek to explain and predict the relative difficulty second language (L2) learners face when acquiring new or similar sounds. In this paper, we test their predictive adequacy as concerns native English speakers' mastery of French /Â/ and Spanish /|/. Based on an acoustic analysis of the learner data, we demonstrate that these three models do not account for the full range of variability nor for the developmental sequences attested, because they do not consider the degree of difficulty involved in the simultaneous mastery of multiple phonetic parameters across prosodic positions. Consequently, models of L2 phonological acquisition must not only integrate findings from markedness theory and speech perception but also incorporate phonetic constraints on production.One of the central goals of research on second language (L2) phonological acquisition is to model interlanguage development. This includes not only describing but importantly also explaining and predicting the relative difficulty learners of a given first language face when acquiring segments absent from or similar to those of their first language (L1). To date, most research in this vein has focused on intralinguistic difficulty, that is, the relative challenge of acquiring two or more new phonological structures in a given target language (TL), particularly sounds involved in an opposition (e.g., English /l/ and /®/, e.g., Larson-Hall, 2004; voiceless vs. voiced coda obstruents, e.g., Hancin-Bhatt, 2000). These accounts have made their predictions based principally on typological markedness (

Achieving vancomycin serum trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L did not result in an increased attainment of the AUC/MIC target relative to troughs of 10 to 14.9 mg/L but may increase nephrotoxicity risk.

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