According to the results of this study, the materials (SonicFill vs Herculite Ultra), C-factors, and insertion techniques (bulk vs incremental) did not appear to be significant influences with regard to marginal microleakage; however, the type of preparation cavity (Class I vs Class II) and the subsequent bonding surface (enamel vs dentin [cementum]) proved to be significant factors.
SUMMARY Objective: To examine how exposure to accelerated artificial aging (AAA) stimuli (ultraviolet [UV] light) affects the color stability of a composite resin following surface sealant (SS) application. Methods and Materials: A total of 30 cylindrical composite resin (Esthet-X) discs were prepared using Teflon-coated rings. The treatment groups, defined by different SS (Seal-N-Sine, PermaSeal, OptiGuard, Biscover LV, and DuraFinish) use, were divided into five groups of six discs each. The discs were subjected to baseline color measurements followed by measurements after surface sealant application (specular included component [SCI] and specular excluded component [SCE]) using a spectrophotometer. Three measurements (SCI and SCE) were performed for a total of 18 readings (test surface) per specimen group. All specimens were then exposed to a UV light source for a total of 382 hours. Color readings of the specimens were again recorded for each group. Quantitative color measurements were executed using Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* calculations. Results: Baseline color measurements of the composite resin discs, following the AAA exposure protocol, revealed no significant differences. A comparison of the composite resin discs before and after SS application (without UV light exposure) showed statistically significant differences using both SCI and SCE measurement criteria. Although significant differences were encountered between the ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE parameters, all specimens (groups) were within the clinically acceptable range (1.0<ΔE≤ 3.3). Again, statistically significant differences were noted (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE parameters) for all specimen groups receiving SS application, utilizing both SCI and SCE measurements, following exposure to UV light. All groups were within the clinically acceptable range (1.0<ΔE≤ 3.3), except the Durafinish group. The Durafinish SS group experienced significantly greater (p<0.001) overall color change (SCI and SCE) following UV light exposure. An intergroup comparison following UV exposure revealed that the Permaseal, OptiGuard, and Seal-n-Shine SS groups displayed the least amount of color change statistically but not necessarily always perceptibly significant, while the Durafinish group exhibited the greatest color change statistically and perceptibly. Conclusions: The color stability of a composite resin, including the addition of most SSs, was not affected perceptibly by UV light exposure.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a methacrylate resin dentin bonding agent to adhere to the dentin surfaces of prepared and conditioned root canals with either 32% phosphoric acid (PA) or 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods: Prior to the application of the methacrylate resin, the root canals of 54 intact, caries-free, single-rooted, de-crowned, extracted human maxillary incisor and canine teeth were endodontically prepared and conditioned with either 32% PA or 17% EDTA or with distilled water as the unconditioned control. The resin-treated roots were cross-sectioned at three levels and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaged for circumferential views of the root canals at 60-90× magnification and site-specific views at 250× magnification, and then randomly coded for independent and blind evaluation by four calibrated examiners. The circumferential surface of the root canals that showed no resin adhesion were digitally measured and subtracted from the digitally measured total root canal circumference, and resin adhesion was expressed as a percentage of the circumference. Results: The mean percentages of resin adhesion were 97% for the PA group, 94% for the EDTA group, and 76% for the control group. There were statistically significant differences among the PA, EDTA, and control groups. Conclusion: Root canals conditioned with 32% PA or 17% EDTA had more resin adhesion than unconditioned root canals. Root canals conditioned with 32% PA had more resin adhesion than those conditioned with 17% EDTA.
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