We have developed a dense reference genetic map of Lupinus angustifolius (2n = 40) based on a set of 106 publicly available recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between domesticated and wild parental lines. The map comprised 1090 loci in 20 linkage groups and three small clusters, drawing together data from several previous mapping publications plus almost 200 new markers, of which 63 were gene-based markers. A total of 171 mainly gene-based, sequence-tagged site loci served as bridging points for comparing the Lu. angustifolius genome with the genome sequence of the model legume, Lotus japonicus via BLASTn homology searching. Comparative analysis indicated that the genomes of Lu. angustifolius and Lo. japonicus are highly diverged structurally but with significant regions of conserved synteny including the region of the Lu. angustifolius genome containing the pod-shatter resistance gene, lentus. We discuss the potential of synteny analysis for identifying candidate genes for domestication traits in Lu. angustifolius and in improving our understanding of Fabaceae genome evolution.

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Wild types of Lupinus angustifolius require vernalization to promote flowering. Modern domesticated cultivars carry the early-flowering gene Ku which removes this requirement. A microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism marker was identified as co-segregating with the Ku gene in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a domesticated · wild-type cross. DNA sequencing showed that the marker contained a 7 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism, as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism. A pair of sequence-specific primers was designed and successfully converted the size polymorphism into a simple polymerase chain reaction based co-dominant marker. This marker is closely linked to the Ku gene, as it co-segregates with the Ku phenotyping in a population consisting of 106 RILs.

Wild types of narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) have seed pods that shatter upon maturity, leading to the loss of their seeds before or during the harvest process. Two recessive genes have been incorporated into domesticated cultivars of this species to maximize harvest-ability of the produce. One of these genes is called lentus (le). Two microsatellite -anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) candidate markers were identified as closely linked to the le gene in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a domesticated x wild type cross. The candidate MFLP markers were isolated from the gel, re-amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. The MFLP polymorphisms were converted into sequence-specific PCR-based markers. Linkage analysis by MapManager indicated that one of the markers, LeM1, was 2.6 centiMorgans (cM) and the other, LeM2, was 1.3 cM from the gene, with both being on the same side. The correlation between the marker genotype and the plant phenotype for the le gene is 95% for the Australian cultivars, and approximately 36% on wild types tested. These markers may be useful in marker assisted selection for the le gene when introgressing wild material into lupin breeding programs.

Wild plants of Lupinus angustifolius avoid extinction in a drought year by production of seeds with coats that are impermeable to water, preventing germination of a large percentage of the seed in any given year. Domesticated cultivars of this species carry the recessive gene mollis, making the seed coat permeable to water and, in turn promoting good crop establishment in the year of sowing. A dominant microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism candidate marker was identified as being tightly linked to mollis in a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from domesticated and wild-type parents. The candidate marker was excised from the gel, amplified by PCR, sequenced and extended beyond the SSR end of the original MseI-SSR fragment. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were found within this extended sequence. Specific primers were designed to create a marker 209 bp long. PCR products of these primers run on a single strand conformation polymorphism gel resolved in a co-dominant fashion. This marker will be used in marker-assisted selection for mollis when introgressing wild material into lupin breeding programmes.

A survey of wildflower farms in the south west of Western Australia, was conducted during spring of 1997 and autumn 1998 to determine the prevalence of Phytophthora infestations. Thirty-seven randomly selected farms ranging in size from 0.5 to =30 ha were visited. The main crop plants grown included species of Banksia, Boronia, Chamelaucium, Conospermum, Eucalyptus, Protea, and Leucadendron. Eighteen sites were found to have infestations of Phytophthora. Of these, 14 sites had P. cinnamomi, and 2 sites had P. cryptogea. P. cactorum, P. citricola and P. nicotianae were each found at only single locations. One site was found to have both P. cinnamomi and P. cryptogea. Species of Phytophthora were identified morphologically, isozymically, and using species-specific PCR primers. Not every species could be identified by all 3 methods. There was no apparent association between geographical location and the occurrence of Phytophthora spp.

Boersma, J. G., Conner, R. L., Balasubramanian, P. M., Yu, K. and Hou, A. 2013. Marker-assisted dissection of anthracnose resistance in the dry bean cultivar Morden003. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1115–1123. The dry bean cultivar Morden003 is resistant to anthracnose races 73 and 105, the two most prevalent races in western Canada. Previous studies found that Morden003 carried markers OF10530r, SCAreoli and SAS13 that are linked to the Co-1, Co-2 and Co-4 resistance genes on chromosomes Pv01, Pv11 and Pv08, respectively. Morden003 had a reported resistance spectrum similar to three other cultivars that carry the Co-1 5 resistance gene. Using F2 and F2:3 populations from the reciprocal crosses of Morden003/OAC Rex, we mapped two race-specific resistance gene loci. An examination of known anthracnose resistance and other core markers showed no evidence of resistance being associated with the Co-1, Co-2, or Co-4 loci. Instead, the resistance genes were co-located in the vicinity of the Co-3 locus on Pv04. They were 2 cM apart and flanked by markers SAH181100 and BM161. The map generated in this research also showed strong linkage of the anthracnose resistance loci to markers SW12, PVctt001 and SF10, which were associated with the Co-3 and Co-10 loci by previous researchers. A weak, distant linkage of marker SB12 to the Co-3 locus was also detected.

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