For the first time, SiO2-coated sulfur particles (SCSPs) were fabricated via a facile two-step wet chemical process for application as a novel lithium-sulfur cathode material. With the addition of mildly reduced graphene oxide (mrGO), SCSPs demonstrate even greater cycling stability, maintaining over 700 mA h g(-1) after the 50(th) cycle.
Every year many tons of waste glass end up in landfills without proper recycling, which aggravates the burden of waste disposal in landfill. The conversion from un-recycled glass to favorable materials is of great significance for sustainable strategies. Recently, silicon has been an exceptional anode material towards large-scale energy storage applications, due to its extraordinary lithiation capacity of 3579 mAh g−1 at ambient temperature. Compared with other quartz sources obtained from pre-leaching processes which apply toxic acids and high energy-consuming annealing, an interconnected silicon network is directly derived from glass bottles via magnesiothermic reduction. Carbon-coated glass derived-silicon (gSi@C) electrodes demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance with a capacity of ~1420 mAh g−1 at C/2 after 400 cycles. Full cells consisting of gSi@C anodes and LiCoO2 cathodes are assembled and achieve good initial cycling stability with high energy density.
In 1972, Reynolds outlined a general method for eliminating functional arguments known as dejunctionalization. The idea underlying defunctionahzation is encoding a functional value as first-order data, and then realizing the applications of the encoded function via an apply function. Although this process is simple enough, problems arise when defunctionalization is used in a polymorphic language. In such a language, a functional argument of a higher-order function can take different type instances in different applications. As a consequence, its associated apply function can be untypable in the source language. In the paper we present a defrmctionalization transformat ion which preserves typability. Moreover, the transformation imposes no restriction on functional arguments of recursive functions, and it handles functions as results as well as functions encapsulated in constructors. The key to thk success is the use of type information in the defunctionaliiation transformation. Run-time characteristics are preserved by defunctionalization; hence, there is no performance improvement coming from the transformation itself. However closures need not be implemented to compile the transformed program.
Flexible electrodes (C-Si/C) composed of Si/C fibers trapped in carbon fiber frames via double-nozzle electrospinning improve the cycling stability and rate capability of Si/C fabrics. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) has been demonstrated as a superior carbon matrix for Si compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) annealed using the same heat-treatment process.
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