Cancer often results from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. Although most malignancies are sporadic, only a small number of genes have been shown to undergo frequent mutations in sporadic cancers. The long arm of chromosome 16 is frequently deleted in human cancers, but the target gene for this deletion has not been identified. Here we report that ATBF1, which encodes a transcription factor that negatively regulates AFP and MYB but transactivates CDKN1A, is a good candidate for the 16q22 tumor-suppressor gene. We narrowed the region of deletion at 16q22 to 861 kb containing ATBF1. ATBF1 mRNA was abundant in normal prostates but more scarce in approximately half of prostate cancers tested. In 24 of 66 (36%) cancers examined, we identified 22 unique somatic mutations, many of which impair ATBF1 function. Furthermore, ATBF1 inhibited cell proliferation. Hence, loss of ATBF1 is one mechanism that defines the absence of growth control in prostate cancer.

Highlights d SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses identify 35 recurrent mutations d Association with 117 clinical phenotypes reveals potentially important mutations d D500-532 in Nsp1 coding region correlates with lower viral load and serum IFN-b d Viral isolates with D500-532 mutation induce lower IFN-I response in the infected cells

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This paper demonstrates cooling of the center-of-mass motion of 10 µm-diameter optically levitated silica spheres to an effective temperature of 50 ± 22 µK, achieved by minimizing the technical pointing noise of the trapping laser. This low noise leads to an acceleration and force sensitivity of 95 ± 41 ng/ √ Hz (g = 9.8 m/s 2 ) and 0.95 ± 0.11 aN/ √ Hz, respectively, at frequencies near 50 Hz. This force sensitivity is comparable to that demonstrated for optically levitated nanospheres that are 10 4 times less massive, corresponding to an acceleration sensitivity that is several orders of magnitude better. It is further shown that under these conditions the spheres remain stably trapped at pressures of ∼ 10 −7 mbar with no active cooling for periods longer than a day. Feedback cooling is still necessary in the moderate-pressure regime, motivating a comprehensive study of the loss mechanisms of the microspheres and providing better understanding of the requirements for feedback-free optical trapping in vacuum. This work can enable high-sensitivity searches for accelerations and forces acting on micron-sized masses, including those that could be produced by new physics beyond the Standard Model.

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This experiment studied the effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE) on mice aged by D-galactose and castrated rats to analyse its antiaging effect. Water maze and step-down type avoidance tests were used to examine the effect of CSE on learning and memory. CSE shortened escape latency, prolonged step-down latency and decreased the number of errors in mice aged by D-galactose. The effect of CSE on the sexual function of castrated rats was evaluated by measuring the penis erection latency, mount latency and ejaculation latency. CSE appeared to shorten penis erection latency and mount latency in castrated rats. The study also measured the effect of CSE on the activity of age-related enzymes. The results showed that CSE improved the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and lowered the level of lipid peroxidation and monoamine oxidase activity in the aged mice. The study demonstrated that CSE can improve the brain function and antioxidative enzyme activity in mice with D-galactose-induced senescence and promote sexual function in castrated rats. All of these findings suggest that CSE has an antiaging effect.