Proximity to green spaces has been shown to be beneficial to several cardiovascular outcomes in urban spaces. Few studies, however, have analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and green space or land cover uses in low–medium income megacities, where the consequences of rapid and inordinate urbanization impose several health hazards. This study used a subgroup of the dataset from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-BRASIL (n = 3418) to identify the correlation between the medical diagnosis of hypertension and green spaces in the megacity of São Paulo. Land cover classification was performed based on the random forest algorithm using geometrically corrected aerial photography (orthophoto). Three different indicators of exposure to green spaces were used: number of street trees, land cover and number of parks within 1 km. We used logistic regression models to obtain the association of the metrics exposure and health outcomes. The number of street trees in the regional governments (OR = 0.937 and number of parks within 1 km (OR = 0.876) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of hypertension. Sixty-three percent of the population had no parks within 1 km of their residence. Our data indicate the need to encourage large-scale street tree planting and increase the number of qualified parks in megacities.

O presente trabalho é referente ao levantamento das espécies contidas na arborização viária da Estância de Águas de São Pedro-SP e sua distribuição. Para isso, foram inventariados todos os indivíduos ocorrentes nas vias públicas; o que totalizou 3.654 indivíduos. Destes, 70,85% são árvores, 19,90% arbustos, 6,05% palmeiras e 3,20% coníferas; perfazendo 161 espécies, 126 gêneros e 54 famílias; sendo 61,33% das espécies exóticas e 38,67% nativas. O índice de diversidade de Odum (d) calculado é de 19,50 e o índice de Shanon-Wiener (H) é de 3,90. Na Estância de Águas de São Pedro encontrou-se uma predominância da Caesalpinia pluviosa (sibipiruna) que representa 13,66% da arborização viária. A densidade média de indivíduos por quilômetro de rua percorrida é de 130. Conclui-se que a diversidade da arborização viária da Estância de Águas de São Pedro deve ser incrementada, o uso da flora nativa deve ser incentivado e a tendência de plantio de espécies arbustivas deve ser revertida; visando a sustentabilidade dessa arborização e consequentemente os benefícios ambientais proporcionados a população.

Background Sociodemographic and environmental factors are associated with incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19. However, little is known about the role of such factors in persisting symptoms among recovering patients. We designed a cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors to describe persistent symptoms and identify factors associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Methods We included patients hospitalized between March to August 2020 who were alive six months after hospitalization. We collected individual and clinical characteristics during hospitalization and at follow-up assessed ten symptoms with standardized scales, 19 yes/no symptoms, a functional status and a quality-of-life scale and performed four clinical tests. We examined individual exposure to greenspace and air pollution and considered neighbourhood´s population density and socioeconomic conditions as contextual factors in multilevel regression analysis. Results We included 749 patients with a median follow-up of 200 (IQR = 185-235) days, and 618 (83%) had at least one of the ten symptoms measured with scales. Pain (41%), fatigue (38%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (35%) were the most frequent. COVID-19 severity, comorbidities, BMI, female sex, younger age, and low socioeconomic position were associated with different symptoms. Exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with higher dyspnoea and fatigue scores and lower functional status. Conclusions We identified a high frequency of persistent symptoms among COVID-19 survivors that were associated with clinical, sociodemographic, and environmental variables. These findings indicate that most patients recovering from COVID-19 will need post-discharge care, and an additional burden to health care systems, especially in LMICs, should be expected.

This research aims to use tools to map the geo-spatial distribution of thermal field in Piracicaba, SP, and compare the different types of urban surfaces. Samples were performed in temperature in 3 different areas, at certain times, in the summer season and winter. These collection points were set up temperature circular polygons and polygons through these circulars were derived from images of high resolution multispectral aerial videography, using the technique of supervised classification were separated from the percentages of different types of urban surfaces. Comparisons were made with thermal imaging and correlated with pixels taken from NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) the multispectral images of multispectral aerial videography, the results of R 2 = 0,68. Other comparisons were made with the temperatures collected and scenes of the band 6 of Landsat 5 (TM). For processing the scenes, we used the algorithm processing software IDRISI 3.2. It was possible to obtain thematic maps with radiant values temperature of the surface of the town of Piracicaba. The results obtained by comparing the classes of coverage, and canopy temperature were adequate to yield an R 2 of 0,56 for circular polygons of 50 meters, other results such as lake/pond R 2 was 0,72 and for shade 0,24. With the development of resources of geotechnology, remote sensing, geographic information system, more detailed information will be obtained from the urban fabric.

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