Black patients have higher rates of hyperglycemia and diabetes, worse inpatient glycemic control, and greater frequency of hospital complications compared to Whites. Non-DM Blacks with hyperglycemia are a particularly vulnerable group. Further investigation is needed to better understand factors contributing the racial disparities in the hospital.
Velocity sedimentation at unit gravity separated peripheral erythrocytes of adult rainbow trout according to age and size. The cells located at the top of the gradient contained numerous polyribosomes, few mitochondria and an essentially electronlucent nucleus. The cells at the bottom of the gradient no longer contained these cytoplasmic organelles and had an essentially electron-dense nucleus. The middle of the gradient contained cells with either very few polyribosomes or cells devoid of this organelle.The length, width and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ofthe average cell increased and the width to length ratio decreased progressively from the top of the gradient to the bottom.No statistical significance could be determined in the changes of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) although they appeared to follow theoretical projections.The use of haematocrit, red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH and MCHC in assessing erythropoietic activity and the size and haemoglobin content of the maturing cell is discussed.
ObjectiveObesity is associated with increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular mortality. Several studies have reported increased length of hospital stay and complications; however, there are also reports of obesity having a protective effect on health, a phenomenon coined the ‘obesity paradox’. We aimed to investigate the impact of overweight and obesity on complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes.Research design and methodsThis retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 623 patients admitted to two academic hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia, between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients were subdivided by body mass index into underweight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2). Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose >10 mmol/L during hospitalization. Hospital complications included a composite of pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, bacteremia and death.ResultsA total of 4.2% were underweight, 29.6% had normal weight, 30.2% were overweight, and 36% were obese. 27.2% of patients had diabetes and 72.8% did not have diabetes (of which 75% had hyperglycemia and 25% had normoglycemia during hospitalization). A J-shaped curve with higher rates of complications was observed in underweight patients in all glycemic groups; however, there was no significant difference in the rate of complications among normal weight, overweight, or obese patients, with and without diabetes or hyperglycemia.ConclusionsUnderweight is an independent predictor for hospital complications. In contrast, increasing body mass index was not associated with higher morbidity or mortality, regardless of glycemic status. There was no evidence of an obesity paradox among inpatients with diabetes and hyperglycemia.
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