A ccidental hypothermia (i.e., an involuntary drop in core body temperature to <35°C [95°F]) is a condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. 1-4 Each year, approximately 1500 patients in the United States have hypothermia noted on their death certificate; however, the incidence of primary and secondary hypothermia and the associated morbidity and mortality remain unknown. 5 In a single tertiary care center, 14 different rewarming methods were used to treat 84 cases of accidental hypothermia, 3 which reflects the uncertainties about treatment and the potential for complications. 3 Certain treatment approaches are available only in specialized centers, and clarification is needed regarding the choice between transporting a patient to a specialized center and providing treatment locally. Existing recommendations do not include recent developments in rewarming methods nor do they assist with decisions regarding transportation. 6-8 PR E SEN TAT IONWith cold exposure, the initial response of the body is to maintain a normal core temperature (approximately 37°C [99°F]) by means of active movement and involuntary shivering. Primary hypothermia occurs when heat production in an otherwise healthy person is overcome by the stress of excessive cold, especially when the energy stores of the body are depleted. Secondary hypothermia can occur in ill persons with a wide variety of medical conditions (Table 1), even in a warm environment. Death in patients with secondary hypothermia is often caused by the underlying condition rather than by hypothermia. In all types of hypothermia, consciousness, breathing, and circulation are initially intact but are impaired as the body cools. 10

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The remote real-time guidance or observation of an EFAST using TS appears feasible. Most technical problems were quickly overcome. Further evaluation of this approach and technology is warranted in more remote settings with less experienced personnel.