OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the consequences of lifetime, severe and untreated isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) on vocal and laryngeal function.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A total of 23 IGHD adult subjects and 22 controls were administered a questionnaire about vocal complaints and harmful voice habits, and underwent video-laryngostroboscopic examination, voice evaluation by perceptual-auditory analysis with GRBAS scale including grade of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, asthenia and strain items, objective voice evaluation by maximum phonation time (MPT), and acoustic analysis.
RESULTS
There was no difference in vocal complaints between IGHD subjects and controls. Vocal abuse and smoking were more frequent in IGHD subjects. IGHD subjects presented higher values for roughness, breathiness, and strain. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) signs and laryngeal constriction were more frequent in IGHD individuals. MPT was similar in the two groups. Fundamental frequency was higher in IGHD females and males. Harmonic to noise ratio was higher in IGHD in both genders and shimmer was lower in IGHD females.
CONCLUSIONS
IGHD subjects have higher prevalence of signs of LPR and laryngeal constriction, with high pitch in both genders, which suggests a prominent role of IGHD on these parameters.
Compared with controls of the same area, subjects with untreated, congenital lifetime IGHD report more misophonia and dizziness, have predominance of mild high-tones sensorineural hearing loss, and have an absence of stapedial reflex and TEOAEs.
The processes used to remove heavy metals from inorganic wastewater have in general low efficiency. The use of activated peat obtained by using a process similar to a cation exchange reaction increases the removal efficiency up to five times when compared with peat “in natura”. The main objective of this work is to show the fundamental mathematical model, governed by diffusion process and the algorithms utilized to design the batch and the continuous feed stirred tank reactors or in some cases a fixed bed reactor. The principal dimensions of these equipments are obtained from the knowledge of the activated peat's cation exchange capacity used in the process, and the main chemical characteristics of the heavy metal ion contained in the wastewater. Besides, two important parameters are also included: the ion concentration and the efficiency of the process obtained from laboratory kinetics experiments. For example Pb+2 is removed l:rom a wastewater at a concentration of 50g/m3 in five minutes or less, with an efficiency of 98%.
OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as alterações microvasculares que ocorrem na prega vocal (PV) humana, quando acometida por cisto e reação nodular contra-lateral. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Através de laringoscopia de suspensão as PVs foram analisadas sob endoscopia rígida em suas porções anterior, média, posterior e sub-glótica. As alterações da microvascularização foram classificadas em quatro grandes grupos: Paralelo, Transversal, Ramificado e Puntiforme. Estas foram subdivididas em doze subtipos. RESULTADOS: Nas PVs acometidas por cisto as alterações microvasculares foram mais freqüentes (93,1%) do que nas PVs contra-laterais acometidas por reação nodular (6,9%). Na presença de cisto também foram observadas múltiplas alterações microvasculares (10 subtipos), havendo predominância de microvasos tortuosos e ectásicos, enquanto nas acometidas por reação nodular contra-lateral essas alterações foram menos variadas (3 subtipos). Quando diretamente relacionadas à lesão nodular, foram com exclusividade puntiformes. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados sugerem que a presença do cisto na lâmina própria interfere no arranjo dos microvasos das PVs, enquanto a reação nodular, por acometer o epitélio, que é mais superficial aos vasos, interfere em menor grau em relação à arquitetura vascular. Deste modo na presença de microvasos alterados devemos suspeitar mais do diagnóstico de cisto do que de reação nodular.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.