O espinhel é uma arte de pesca passiva que proporciona pouco impacto sobre o fundo oceânico. A pesca com espinhel de fundo na costa amazônica foi caracterizada, no que diz respeito à embarcação utilizada, faina, esforço de pesca e as espécies capturadas. As coletas de dados foram realizadas in loco na embarcação de espinhel da frota artesanal de Bragança-PA, durante 15 lances, distribuídos em três áreas de pesca. A embarcação é considerada de pequeno porte, possui equipamentos necessários para navegação e estruturas específicas para o desenvolvimento das tarefas a bordo. As iscas são obtidas por meio de permuta com embarcações de médio porte. Durante o lançamento e recolhimento de espinhel, 2.600 anzóis são iscados em média por lance. As capturas realizadas na plataforma.continental amazônica possuem alta diversidade de peixes, tendo os bagres e os tubarões apresentando os maiores índices de abundância. Mais da metade dos tubarões capturados com espinhel de fundo eram adultos, sugerindo um alto poder de seletividade desse apetrecho e indicando uma potencialidade de uma pesca mais sustentável.
Palavras-chave: pescadores, anzol, isca, bagres, tubarões, pesca sustentável.
Recirculation aquaculture systems require proper food management, and feeding frequency is one of the most important factors to obtain optimal results in production. The tambaqui Colossoma macropomum presents satisfactory zootechnical performance in Pará State, but research related to its food management in recirculation aquaculture systems are scarce, in view of this, this work aimed to evaluate the zootechnical performance of tambaqui juveniles raised in Recirculation aquaculture systems. A total of 324 tambaqui juveniles with an average initial weight of 24.7 g were used in a recirculation system with three treatments in triplicate, with fish fed two, three and four times a day. The fish were fed with commercial ration with 32 and 36% of crude protein for 40 days and with a feeding rate of 4%. During the experiment were measured: temperature; pH; dissolved oxygen; pH; conductivity; turbidity; salinity, dissolved solids and nitrogen compounds of the system water, and these had a low variation between treatments. The fish fed with higher frequencies had higher final average weight and higher specific growth rate, with this, from the results obtained, it is concluded that the best feeding frequency for tambaqui juveniles is three times a day.
Gráfico 2. Percentual de vagens por terço.No que diz respeito a percentual de vagens, gráfico 3, a cultivar CD 6217 IPRO apresentou um maior percentual de vagens localizado no terço médio, como a cultivar BRS511, que também manifestou um maior percentual em seu terço médio.
The objective of this study was to calculate the competitive performance index (CPI) for fish farming projects in the state of Pará, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to 51 fish farmers between November 2016 and February 2017. Posteriorly, their projects were classified according to their competitiveness level as: low (CPI ≤ 0.35), intermediate (CPI between 0.36 and 0.69) or high (CPI ≥ 0.70). It was found that mean CPI of fish farming in the Pará State was 0.38, representing an intermediate degree of competitiveness. The highest CPI was 0.57, obtained in a project located in the southeastern region of the state, while the smallest was 0.17, in an initiative in the metropolitan region of Belém.
The present study aimed to determine the ideal feeding frequency of feeding for suruvi juvenile. A study was conducted over 60 days to determine the effects of feeding frequency on growth metrics, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile suruvi (initial mean weight: 60.19 ± 10.67 g). The experimental units were 1.0 m3 circular tanks, stocked with 94 fish, connected to a recirculating aquaculture system. The feed was offered during the dark phase of the 12:12 photoperiod with the following treatments in triplicate: FF1 = once a day at 20:00; FF2 = twice a day at 20:00 h and 06:00 h; and FF3 = three times a day at 20:00 h, 01:00 h, and 06:00 h. The fish fed a commercial carnivorous fish feed, comprised of 42% crude protein, 11% lipids, 20% carbohydrates, and 4,380 kcal kg-1 of crude energy in 6.0 mm pellets. At the end of the feeding, no significant differences were observed in the growth variables, body composition of proteins and lipids, and alkaline proteases and lipase activity (p>0.05) between treatments. However, there were significant differences in amylase activity (p<0.05). Our findings demonstrated that suruvi juveniles could be sustainably fed only once a day.
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