Abstract:The aim of this article is to assess the validity of the culturalist explanation of unsustainability by critically examining the social-cultural interpretation of the risks on which it is epistemologically based. First, we will explore the different ways in which the notion of Anthropocene is changing our perception of risks. Second, we will analyze the limits of the social-cultural explanation of risks relative to the global (non-linear) interdependence between human activities and environmental processes that defines the Anthropocene. Third, we will introduce the Chinese concept of Ecological Civilization and analyze its cultural foundations and culturalist assumptions. Finally, we will develop the practical consequences of this critic of the social-cultural interpretation of risks and of culturalist explanations of unsustainability.

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Vouloir étudier les notions de double et de dédoublement, c’est tenter de repenser la notion d’identité. C’est chercher à saisir la constitution de la subjectivité et de la personne dans le rapport du Je et de l’autre, c’est chercher à penser leur rapport : pas simplement de l’autre en tant que autrui mais de l’autre en tant que autre du Je. Et cela à différents niveaux autant philosophique, que politique et psychologique. Au point de vue philosophique et plus encore épistémologique, notre intention serait de redéfinir la notion de « sujet » pour sortir du point de vue classique en s’aidant notamment des concepts propres au champ de la physique quantique. Il faudrait penser une figure de la subjectivité n’impliquant pas nécessairement l’identité à soi.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to present the multidimensional issue of an ‘energy transition’ from a philosophical, that is, conceptual and analytical, point of view. The argument of this article is that ‘energy transition’ is not simply a technological and economic problem but also an epistemological, cultural, anthropological and even metaphysical one. Energy transition does not only consist of changing the kind of energy that is produced and consumed to power our modern middle-income societies, from fossil fuels to renewable energies. Energy transition asks us to understand what is implied in cultural and social terms by such a shift from ‘grey’ to ‘green’ sources of energy that does not only entail qualitative transformation but also could imply quantitative curtailment. What will be the consequences of our necessary departure from ‘petromodernity’, that is, from the mode of living that came with fossil fuels in modern times that shape our current age of the Anthropocene? To address this question, different dimensions of the philosophy of energy will be studied: epistemological, phenomenological, anthropological, critical and metaphysical. In conclusion, we will, first, propose the notion of a ‘negative energy tax’ to address the problems of ‘energy injustice’. We will then refer to Bataille to provide an ontology of energy that can help to redefine our assumptions and expectations regarding energy spending.

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