“…2,3 Associated adverse pregnancy outcomes with midtrimester prolapsed membranes include miscarriage, preterm premature rupture of membranes, intra-amniotic infection, placental abruption, emergency cesarean delivery, and extreme prematurity. [4][5][6] Generally, physical examination-indicated cerclage placement compared with expectant management in this setting is associated with longer latency to delivery and improved neonatal survival. 1,5,7,8 However, the degree to which cerclage placement can mitigate the risk of the aforementioned adverse outcomes significantly depends on the presence or absence of an intra-amniotic infection.…”