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Les maladies cardiovasculaires sont un problème de santé publique affectant plus de 30% de la population mondiale. Une des principales causes de ces pathologies est l’hyperlipidémie. Cette étude vise à valoriser l’huile du poisson en explorant ses effets sur la dyslipidémie. 20 rattes ont été réparties en 4 groupes : le groupe 1 a reçu le régime standard de laboratoire (RSL), les Groupes 2, 3 et 4 ont reçu le RSL supplémenté au jaune d’oeuf bouilli à la dose de 5 g/j/ratte. Après 16 semaines, le groupe 3 a reçu uniquement le RSL, le roupe 4 a reçu le RSL et supplémenté à l’huile à 1 g/jr/kg pendant 3 semaines. Au terme de cette expérimentation les rattes ont été sacrifiées et les paramètres biochimiques sériques ont été dosés. Les résultats montrent que le régime hyperlipidémique a induit le surpoids, des désordres tissulaires et plasmatiques marqués par l’augmentation du cholestérol-CT, des triglycérides, du cholestérol LDL et la baisse du cholestérol HDL. Le groupe 4 a présenté une baisse significative du CT, des TG, du C-LDL et l’augmentation du C-HDL. L’huile de E. fimbriata a présenté des effets hypolipidémiques et pourrait être utilisée dans la prévention des risques cardiaques. Cette étude se poursuivra par la détermination du profil en acide gras de cette huile.Mots clés : Dyslipidémie, surpoids, hypolipidémie, hyperlipémie, lipide.   English Title: Hypolipidemic effects of oil extracted from Ethmalosa fimbriata on dislipidemic female ratsCardiovascular diseases represent a public health problem which affects more than 30% of people worldwide. One principle cause of these diseases is hyperlipidemia. This study aimed at valorising fish oil by investing its effects on dyslipidemia. Twenty female rats divided in four groups: Group 1 was fed with standard laboratory diet (SLD); while groups 2, 3 and 4 received the SLD supplemented with cooked egg yolk (5 g/day/rat). After 16 weeks, group 3 received only the SLD and group 4 was fed with SLD supplemented with E. fimbriata oil (1 g/day/kg of body mass) during 3 weeks. At the end of the test, animals were kill and some organs were removed. Some blood biochemical parameters were also measured. Result showed that the hyperlidemic diet induced weight gain, tissular and plasma disorders characterized by increase of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL Cholesterol and decrease of HDL Cholesterol indicating mixed dyslipidemia in group 2 compare to others groups. Group 4 had a significantly (p˂0.05) decrease in cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, CLDL and increase levels of CHDL. There was also a tendency for disappearance in tissues disorders. E.fimbriata oil has hypolipidemic effects and could be used to prevent cardiovascular risks. This study should continue with determination of fatty acid composition of this fish oil.Keywords: Overweight, lipid, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypolipidemia

Background: Fish is an important source of food for people. According to the FAO, It is man's most important single source of high-quality protein and dietary omega-three fatty acids. Objective: The study consisted of the chemical characterization of the oil extracted from Ilisha africana and Sardinella maderensis being fish species from the Cameroonian coast. Material and methods: The fish were collected at the fishing port of Douala, transported to the laboratory, washed with distilled water and filleted. Oil was extracted from the fillets using dichloromethane and methanol. The different indexes of the oil were determined using standard methods and the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results: Ilisha africana and Sardinella maderensis are oily fish. The oil was of good quality various amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Palmitic acid was the major SFA with 28.56% and 30.54% for Ilisha africana and Sardinella maderensis respectively. Palmitoleic acid and 15octadenoic were the major MUFAs in Ilisha africana and Sardinella maderensis, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) the main omega 3 PUFAs. In both species DHA was the predominant fatty acid among PUFAs. Arachidonic acid and linoleic acid were the major omega 6 PUFAs in Ilisha africana and Sardinella maderensis. Conclusion: These results show that Ilisha africana and Sardinella maderensis are a good source of EPA and DHA and the nutritional quality of lipids may beneficit for human health.

To assess the fish by-products released, we surveyed 158 fish pre-caterers and 33 structures in 12 markets in Douala. A random sample of these by-products was used for bromatological analysis. Oils extracted from these samples were characterized by determining some chemical indexes. Investigation showed more than 238 tons of by-products are annually released into the environment of the observed markets. Flour Analysis of by-products showed a moisture content of 22.04 ± 0.03%, 50.29 ± 0.02% proteins, 29.03 ± 0.15% ash, 20.3 ± 0.03% lipids, 0.37 ± 0.15% total carbohydrates, and mineral elements such as calcium (6.08 ± 0.002 g / kg), phosphorus (7.093 ± 0.003 g / kg), and iron (328 ± 2.65 mg / kg). Analyses of chemical indexes of the oil extracted showed that they were within the range of Codex Alimentarius standard values. It can be concluded that Douala market's fish by-products are of good nutritional quality and could therefore be used in animal nutrition.