International audienceThe kinetics of the fluorine evolution reaction was studied in molten KF-2HF with a horizontal disk electrode in a large potential window. A new model was proposed recently for representing the electrode/electrolyte interface; it includes the presence of a "fluidized" layer between the surface carbon-fluorine film (C-F) generated on the carbon anode during electrolysis and the fluorine gas film. This model was confirmed here to be consistent. The fluidized layer is composed of liquid KF-2HF melt and dissolved fluorine gas. With our electrode geometry, it was shown that the main electroactive surface area is located at the lateral side of the disk electrode. Finally, the contributions of the C-F film, ηC-F, and of the fluidized layer, ηfluid., to the total anodic overvoltage, ηT, were studied using a numerical calculation method. It was shown that both contributions must be taken into account for a global understanding of the fluorine evolution process
International audienceA fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the effect of the internal movement of hydrogen bubbles on current efficiency in a pilot scale fluorine electrolyser. Two dimensional modelling of the gasliquid free convection was carried out using the Estet-Astrid (EA) finite volume code. The effect of hydrodynamics is well highlighted and calculations show that a significant fraction of the hydrogen bubbles can migrate, under certain conditions, into the fluorine compartment. This fraction of hydrogen recombines with fluorine and thus decreases the Faradaic current efficiency of the electrolyser. The numerical results confirm the experimental trends observed on the pilot. The model also clarifies the effect of hydrogen bubble diameter on Faradaic current efficiency
Abstract.A response surface methodology only based in this case on computer experiments was used in conjunction with the desirability concept to optimize a priori an electrodeposition process designed for production of gold-tin alloy bumps on a 4 inches wafer. The efficiency of the method was used to achieve at a cheap cost with a small number of computer experiments the technical specifications required in term of metal deposit thickness uniformity.
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