ResumenEn la actualidad, la toxina botulínica (TB) es parte importante en los tratamientos médico-estéticos de la cara. Este trabajo hace una aproximación didáctica, con fines prácticos formativos, sobre el manejo de la TB para el rejuvenecimiento facial en el ejercicio de la Cirugía Plástica y Estética. Entender la anatomía del envejecimiento es clave para manejar de forma integral la TB junto con otras técnicas de la especialidad destinadas a combatir el envejecimiento, considerándolo en su conjunto. Resumimos los conocimientos actuales sobre el empleo de las inyecciones de TB en el tercio superior de la cara.
*Master en Medicina Estética. Clínica Alcolea, Barcelona. Instituto Médico Vilafortuny, Cambrils (Tarragona).Palabras clave Envejecimiento facial, Rejuvenecimiento facial, Toxina botulínica.
Código numérico 2-26-263
AbstractCurrently, botulinum toxin (BT) plays an important role in aesthetic-medical treatments of the face. This paper provides a didactical approach for practical training purposes, concerning the use of BT for facial rejuvenation when practising Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery. It is essential to understand the anatomy of ageing in order to integrate TB in combination with other techniques of the speciality employed to combat ageing by considering it as a whole. This paper resumes the current knowledge about the use of TB injections in the upper third of the face.
In this paper we present PILOTE-N, a crop model devoted to the calculation of crop production from the joint water and nitrogen soil status effects. It is the extension of PILOTE, for contexts in which water might not be the sole limiting factor for crop yield, but the same model structure and credo of parsimonious parameterisation have been kept, assuming simplified descriptions of the physical processes at play. One original aspect of PILOTE-N is the calculation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and cumulative nitrogen plant demand from similar logistic-type functions. LAI is controlled by specific temperature sums, shape parameters and the occurrence of water and nitrogen stresses, while the time average of LAI values over critical phenological periods also affects the predicted harvest index and crop yield. As specific plant parameters are known from PILOTE, calibration was devoted to nitrogen parameters. Which governing the daily-averaged mineralization rate in a first step, then the two shape parameters of the potential nitrogen plant demand (from the dilution curve) in a second step and, at last, which allowing the link between nitrogen uptake and nitrogen of the soil. Model performance was evaluated using multiple initial soil conditions, irrigation and fertilization strategies for corn, durum wheat and sorghum, over a climatic series of 14 years, at the experimental plot of Lavalette (Montpellier, SouthEast of France), hence in a Mediterranean context characterized by severe, water stresses during summer, typically exceeding nitrogen stresses. Crop yield as well as the dynamics of nitrogen budget were correctly simulated (R 2 >0.94 for grain yield, total dry matter and nitrogen in plant). The robustness of such a simple and easy-to-calibrate tool is expected to facilitate its use and implementation in other agro-pedoclimatic contexts, to decipher the effect of abiotic stresses and improve irrigation and fertilization scenarios when included in dedicated tools.
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