No abstract

No abstract

• Spatial resolution of lung MRI is limited using non-ultra-short TE MRI technique • Ultra-short echo time (UTE) technique enables submillimeter 3D-MRI of airways • 3D-UTE MRI shows very good concordance with CT in assessing cystic fibrosis • Radiation-free 3D-UTE MRI enables the Helbich-Bhalla scoring without a need for contrast injection.

No abstract

Section-selective water excitation is faster than conventional fat saturation and produces images of better quality.

PETRA enables silent, free-breathing, isotropic, and submillimeter imaging of the bronchi and lung parenchyma with high CNR and SNR and may be an alternative to CT for patients with cystic fibrosis.

Costello syndrome is a rare but increasingly recognized syndrome of unknown etiology. Neurological abnormalities are not rare in this syndrome and consist of structural and electrophysiological disorders. Ventricular dilatation is observed in more than 40% of cases. Other reported cerebral anomalies are brain atrophy, Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. Although there is insufficient data to propose strict guidelines, it seams reasonnable to have a low threshold for neuroimaging, in general, and particularly when neurologic signs or symptoms are present. Screening including cerebral MRI and EEG should be proposed after a diagnosis of Costello syndrome. The frequency of testing in such children should be guided by neurological follow‐up. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and chronic disability in newborns worldwide (1–6 for 1000 births). The only current clinical treatment is hypothermia, which is efficient for less than 60% of babies. Mainly considered as a waste product in the past, lactate, in addition to glucose, is increasingly admitted as a supplementary fuel for neurons and, more recently, as a signaling molecule in the brain. Our aim was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lactate in a neonatal (seven day old) rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Pups received intra-peritoneal injection(s) of lactate (40 μmol). Size and apparent diffusion coefficients of brain lesions were assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Oxiblot analyses and long-term behavioral studies were also conducted. A single lactate injection induced a 30% reduction in brain lesion volume, indicating a rapid and efficient neuroprotective effect. When oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, was co-injected with lactate, the neuroprotection was completely abolished, highlighting the role of lactate metabolism in this protection. After three lactate injections (one per day), pups presented the smallest brain lesion volume and a complete recovery of neurological reflexes, sensorimotor capacities and long-term memory, demonstrating that lactate administration is a promising therapy for neonatal HI insult.