HPLC of carotenoidsCarotenoid composition of fruits of two Rosa species (Row cunina and Rosa rugosu) and of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Nine carotenoids were determined: three carotenes (lycopene, I-carotene, p-carotene) and six xanthophylls (neoxanthin, trans-violaxanthin, cis-violaxanthin, 5,6-epoxylutein, lutein, B-ctyptoxanthin). This high number of compounds classified these fruits among those with the greatest variety of carotenoid pigments. Quantitatively large differences occurred in the carotenoid composition of the three fruits. Rosa hips contained the highest concentrations of total carotenoids, which were mainly comprised of lycopene and g-carotene. Conversely, total xanthophylls were low. In contrast to Rosa, fruits of Aronia were lower in total carotenoids while xanthophylls composed a higher proportion.Fractionation and determination of carotenoids were carried out by HPLC (Baranyai et al., 1982;Razungles et al., 1987), using a Varian 5500 liquid chromatograph fitted with a Varian UV-200 detector set at 450 nm and connected to a Varian Vista 401 computer. An analytical RP-18 column (L = 250 mm, ID = 4 mm, 5 pm particles, Brownlee labs. Inc. Santa Clara, CA) was used, protected with a guard cartridge of the same packing. Elution was effected with a gently increasing gradient of acetone-mixed in water run as follows: O-20 min = from 70% acetone -30% water to 100% acetone; 20-30 min = 100% acetone. The flow rate was 1 mL/min.Carotenoids were identified with reference to control compounds prepared in the laboratory from plant extracts and purified according to previously described techniques (Davies, 1976;Camara, 1981;Razungles, 1985;Razungles et al., 1987). For quantitation, the accuracy of the figures measured on five replications was between 5% and 8% according to the different carotenoids.
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