In France, the National Education system has attributed an important health and sex education role to its teachers, based on a global and positive vision of sexuality Parents, teachers, public services and specialized resources each have a role to play in sex education for children and adolescents so that each young person can receive an education allowing him or her to enjoy a healthy sexuality. This study investigated the individual representations of sexuality, declared practices and knowledge of junior high schoolchildren and Section d'Enseignement G6n6ral et Professionnel Adapt6 (SEGPA) students, a structure for children with serious learning difficulties. The study methodology was based on administration of questionnaires (n = 524) to the two cohorts concerned. The secondary objective was to compare these two populations and identify the specificities of SEGPA pupils. The conclusions of this study should allow adults in charge of sex education in junior high schools and SEGPA to adapt sex education tools.
A diagnosis questionnaire ("diagnosanté", or health diagnosis program) was administered in 10 secondary schools in the Rhône-Alpes region of France. The study was based on a sample of 2,553 students. The health diagnosis program includes questions about lifestyle, the environment, risk behaviors, emotional life and self-esteem. The students were asked to respond to 18 components with an impact on wellbeing (perceived health) and to describe how they experience these components (experienced health). Beyond providing individual diagnoses, the data could be used by secondary school staff to focus health education programs on real needs and to promote local health education. The diagnosis questionnaire, which does not focus on individual behaviors, provides a new tool for developing a school-community approach, for motivating teaching staff and for promoting partnerships. The diagnosis questionnaire is also participatory insofar as it encourages discussion among students, educators, teachers and staff on health promotion in schools.
En France, l’Education nationale a donné une place significative à l’éducation à la santé et à la sexualité dans les missions assignées à ses personnels. Cependant les textes et la volonté politique ne suffisent pas au développement des actions. Si les personnels de santé sont largement impliqués, la situation des cadres et des enseignants est plus contrastée. L’étude porte sur les représentations et les pratiques pédagogiques en matière d’éducation à la sexualité, les difficultés et les obstacles et/ou les résistances à sa généralisation dans les classes de 3e et 4e SEGPA, accueillant des élèves en grandes difficultés scolaires. La méthodologie de recherche est basée sur l’administration de questionnaires et d’entretiens. Les questionnaires ont servi au recueil des pratiques pédagogiques et des représentations des personnels de l’Education nationale (personnels de santé, de direction et enseignants). Les résultats montrent l’importance des conceptions personnelles et des représentations sociales, confirmée par l’analyse des entretiens.
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