The present study investigated to evaluate the potential of liquid chitosan of three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2%) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 in vitro and on tomato under controlled conditions ((24 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% humidity). In vitro assay, the effect of the liquid chitosan concentrations on suppressing of hatching from eggs and second juvenile larvae (J2) mortality was determined. The reducing effect of the concentrations on the number of gall and egg mass on tomato roots and the J2 density in the soil was evaluated under controlled conditions. All concentrations suppressed hatch and increased J2 mortality more than control in vitro. The most effective concentration was found at 2% in vitro and its nematicidal effect on egg and J2 was over 70%. The results demonstrated that 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations were significantly decreased gall/root, egg mass/root and J2 in soil compared to negative control under controlled conditions. No statistically significant difference was found between the nematicidal effects of the concentrations on the gall and egg mass (P≤0.05). It has been determined that 1 and 2% concentrations better suppress the J2 in soil than 0.5%. Although the nematicidal effect of 2% concentration was high in vitro and under controlled conditions, it was determined that it negatively affected plant biomass. Also, only 1% concentration of chitosan application controlled M. incognita on tomato by 58%. The present results show that the use of 1% liquid chitosan concentration against M. incognita will be more effective.
In this research, effect of soil, foliar and simultaneous soil+foliar applications of chitosan on gall and egg mass of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was investigated in tomato plants under the controlled conditions (24±1°C, 60±5% RH). Fluopyram (0.16 ml/L) was used as positive control while only nematode-treated plants were considered as negative control. The study was set up in a randomized plot design with 5 replications for each application. The liquid suspension of chitosan diluted at 1% was used. In soil application, 5 ml were applied to each pot by using a graduated cylinder while in foliar application, the liquid suspension at 1% was applied using a portable hand sprayer until the solution was finished. The study was evaluated according to the 1-9 gall and egg mass index 60 days after inoculation of nematodes. The lowest gall (2.8) and egg mass (2.4) indexes were detected in the simultaneous soil+foliar application and took place in the same statistical group with the positive control nematicide. It was determined that the nematicidal effect of chitosan has increased in the case of combined soil and foliar applications. These results support the fact that chitosan applications are successful in the control of root-knot nematode.
Bu çalışmada domateste toprağa kitosan ile ticari kekik, susam, sarımsak, rezene, greyfurt, nar ve hardal esansiyel yağlarının tek başına ve kombinasyon uygulamalarının köklerde Meloidogyne incognita gelişimi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 17 uygulamadan oluşmuş, her uygulama 5 tekerrürlü tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde kurulmuştur. Nematod inokulasyonlarında her bir fide için 1000 M. incognita ikinci dönem larva/1ml kullanılmış ve bir gün sonra uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Uygulamaya göre her saksı için toprağa uçucu yağ 1000 ppm dozunda uygulanırken, kitosan hazırlanan %1‘lik sıvı süspansiyonundan 5 ml kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 60 gün sonra sonlandırılmış ve değerlendirme 1-9 gal ve yumurta paketi indeksine göre yapılmıştır. Köklerde nematod gelişimi, kitosan ve tüm uçucu yağ uygulamalarında negatif kontrole göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Uçucu yağların kitosanla birlikte toprağa uygulanması tekli uygulamaları ile karşılaştırıldığında domates köklerinde gal ve yumurta paketi indeks değerleri %50 oranında azalmıştır. Kitosanın kekik, nar ve hardal uçucu yağ ile kombinasyonu nematisit ile benzer etkide bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar kitosanın nematisidal etkisinin artırılmasında esansiyel yağların iyi birer alternatif olduğunu göstermektedir.
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