This article examines how geopolitics are embedded into the efforts of Southern nations that try to build new climate knowledge infrastructures. It achieves this through an analysis of the composition of the international climate modelling basis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), viewed from the perspective of the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM) - the scientific project which placed a Latin American country for the first time inside the global modelling bases of the IPCC. The paper argues that beyond the idea of “infrastructural globalism”, a historical process of global scientific cooperation led by developed countries, we also need to understand the “infrastructural geopolitics” of climate models. This concept seeks to describe the actions of developing countries towards minimizing the imbalance of global climate scientific production, and how these countries participate in global climate governance and politics. The analysis of the construction of BESM suggests that national investments in global climate modelling were aimed at attaining scientific sovereignty, which is closely related to a notion of political sovereignty of the nation-state within the international regime of climate change.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir criticamente a respeito do fenômeno do negacionismo científico e da chamada “política de pós-verdade”, investigando as condições específicas de emergência, existência e ação do negacionismo climático no Brasil. Metodologicamente, capta-se o aparecimento do negacionismo climático a partir de problemas que o situaram como elemento de um “dispositivo” de natureza essencialmente estratégica. Em nossas análises, destacaremos o papel estratégico do negacionismo climático na visão de mundo liberal conservadora e sua ação de impedimento de processos de governamentalização ambiental no Brasil.

Based on an empirical study of climate modeling at Brazil's Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, the article explores how climate modeling represents a pragmatic government approach in the realm of climate change. The discussion begins with how this pragmatic approach serves the purposes of the geopolitical action of the State within the international framework of global climate knowledge production. It then shows how modeling engenders forms of interpretation of climate change phenomena and future impacts on the local scale and finds expression in governmental rationalities of a biopolitical nature. In short, the discussion is how the technoscience of climate modeling is constructed as a governmental technology and rationality (governmentality) of the State, a process I call the technopolitics of climate change.Keywords: climate change; climate models; geopolitics; governmentality; Brazil. Jean Carlos Hochsprung Miguel 2História, Ciências, Saúde -Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 2 História, Ciências, Saúde -Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro S ince the mid-1980s, definitions and responses to climate issues have been bound up both with a scientific basis for monitoring and forecasting the climate system as well as with a multilateral climate framework negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations (UN). Through research conducted by a growing scientific community in the climate sciences, anthropogenic climate change has been pinpointed as a global issue caused by the burning of fossil fuels and elevated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. In 1991, this global understanding gained expression in the first report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has become the body that defined the scientific parameters used in the discussions of global climate policies that are currently transpiring within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).International networks like the UNFCCC and IPCC were forged during a historical process that saw the joint construction of global climate science and climate policy (Miller, 2004). In this still unfolding process, the strategic action of nation-states has played a central role in laying the scientific foundations of climate change and negotiating multilateral political accords (Christoff, Eckersley, 2011;Harris, 2013). Geopolitical aspects of State commitment, or non-commitment, are currently palpable in the rounds of UNFCCC negotiations over proposals to assign distinct responsibilities to developed and developing nations in agreements over GHG emission reduction targets (Kartha, 2011).In IPCC activities, geopolitics plays out in line with the organizational principle of a "balanced geographic representation," that is, the idea of including members from various countries on the panel (IPCC, 2013); geopolitics further manifests itself in the process of selecting and assessing scientific output from member countries for use in reports. While more researchers from developing nations have been incorporat...

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Resumo Este texto propõe uma breve apresentação dos estudos em sociologia das mudanças climáticas, sugerindo uma síntese do surgimento dessa área de pesquisa, suas principais contribuições para o debate e, em especial, destacando suas inter-relações com o campo dos Estudos Sociais em Ciência e Tecnologia (ESCT). Desse modo, pretende contextualizar o dossiê Mudanças climáticas, ciência e sociedade, que compõe esta edição de Sociologias. Este dossiê articula textos de autores nacionais e internacionais que demonstram o quanto o tema das mudanças climáticas vem sendo enfrentado nas diferentes esferas de ação política e tem-se institucionalizado, demonstrando ser um objeto privilegiado para a análise do reordenamento contínuo das relações sociais por meio da interface entre conhecimento científico, políticas públicas e materialidades. Portanto, de forma pioneira no debate nacional, o dossiê sumariza uma contribuição do enfoque sociológico ao tema que se tem demonstrado cada vez mais premente: os efeitos das mudanças climáticas na vida social contemporânea. Os artigos aqui reunidos discutem as batalhas travadas sobre o assunto dentro das distintas arenas políticas, e nos permitem constatar como a questão das mudanças climáticas tem poder de agenciamento de transformações políticas em diversas escalas e territórios. Assim, os textos apresentados documentam como a coexistência de paradigmas, associada a transformações no âmbito das ciências da terra, constitui-se em oportunidade ímpar de elaboração analítica e teórica para a sociologia e os ESCT.

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Civic Epistemologiesjean carlos hochsprung miguel, renzo taddei and marko monteiro OverviewThis chapter discusses the concept of 'civic epistemology' in relation to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the governance of climate change. Civic epistemology refers to 'the institutionalised practices by which members of a given society test and deploy knowledge claims used as a basis for making collective choices' (Jasanoff, 2005: 255). Differences in civic epistemologies seem to be directly related to how scientific climate knowledge, presented in IPCC assessment reports, relates to political decision-making at different scalesnational, regional, global. The concept is especially rich because it enables a nuanced understanding of the role of IPCC assessments in national climate governance and in meeting the challenges of building more cosmopolitan climate expertise. Both of these aspects are important if emerging institutional arrangements that seek to govern global environmental change are to be understood. Through a critical review of the civic epistemology literature related to the IPCC, this chapter investigates how the cultural dimensions of the sciencepolicy nexus, in different national and geopolitical contexts, conditions the legitimation and uptake of IPCC knowledge.

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