RESUMOA geração de resíduos oriundos das atividades humanas faz parte da própria história do homem, porém a partir da segunda metade do século XX com o aumento do descarte dos produtos de utilidade após seu primeiro uso, há um desequilíbrio entre as quantidades de resíduos descartadas e as reaproveitadas. Os resíduos hospitalares são parte importante do total de resíduos sólidos urbanos, não necessariamente pela quantidade gerada, mas pelo potencial de risco que representam à saúde e ao meio ambiente. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na zona rural do município de Cuité, localizado na região do Curimataú, interior do Estado da Paraíba, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2013. Foram coletadas amostras de solo em cinco pontos distintos, sendo os pontos três na área que continham Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) e dois na área onde não havia despejo de RSS. Foi verificado pH, acidez trocável e teores de metais (Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn). Os valores médios de pH em H 2 O obtidos, variaram de pouco ácido a neutro no solo com lixo hospitalar (pH 6,4 a 6,64), e de ácido a muito ácido no solo sem lixo hospitalar (pH 4,4 e 4,88). A acidez trocável em titulação com NaOH 0,1N mostrou que os maiores valores gastos na titulação foram nas amostras livres de resíduos de serviços de saúde (Pontos 4 e 5, com 0,8meq/100g). Os teores médios dos metais Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn mostraram diferenças, entre as amostras com e livres de RSS. Os teores de Zn na área com RSS apresentaramse acima do valor de referência de qualidade (VRQ), indicando poluição em estagio abaixo do valor de prevenção (VP). Palavras-chave:Meio ambiente, poluição, saúde pública. ¹ UFCG. Brasil.

Aim: To evaluate the fish feeding and to establish the preferential and secondary items of their diets, to determine the trophic guilds and the possible trophic structure variations in function of the water volume in Umari reservoir, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazilian semiarid. Methods: The fish were captured quarterly between February and November of 2013, with gill nets with different meshes, being the apparatuses exposed at 5:00 p.m., with removal at 5:00 a.m. The food items were identified using stereoscopic and optical microscopes and evaluated through the Feeding Index (IAi), being the results of this procedure used in food similarity analysis. The volume of the items was orderly in NMDS and the time differences were tested in PERMANOVA. Results: A total of 740 individuals belonging to 14 species were sampled, being analyzed a total of 258 stomachs and 8 intestines of 11 species. From the IAi values used in the trophic similarity analysis, the species were classified into five trophic guilds: detritivorous, insectivorous, malacophagous, carcinophagous and piscivorous. Conclusion: The oscillation in the water volume of the reservoir did not influence the diet of the guild detritivorous, which shows that the variations in the volume of water of the reservoir do not influence in the same way the diet of the local ichthyofauna.

ABSTRACT. Temporal and spatial variation in diet Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) in two reservoirs in the semi-arid Neotropical. Fish feeding provides data for discussion of theoretical aspects serving purposes as the basic knowledge of the biology of a species by understanding the trophic organization in each environment. The objective was to analyze the food composition and morphology associated with the eating habits of Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) and evaluates the dietary changes over time. The collections of individuals took place on a quarterly basis, during the months of February, May, August and November 2013, through gillnets with different meshes distributed in eight points in the Santa Cruz reservoir and five points in the Umari reservoir, both located in the Rio Grande do Norte. From the items identified in diets were obtained the frequencies of occurrence and volumetric, combined in the calculation of Alimentary Index (IAi). The volumes of the items were ordered in NMDS and their differences tested by PERMANOVA. The contribution of each food item and differences between reservoirs was assessed by SIMPER analysis. The analysis of stomach contents allowed the classification of the species as carnivorous, noting there are significant temporal changes in the species diet, with the morphological characteristics according to the consumption of food items.KEYWORDS. Diet, trophic organization, fish, temporal variation.RESUMO. Alimentação de peixes propicia dados para discussão de aspectos teóricos atendendo a propósitos como o conhecimento básico da biologia de uma determinada espécie através do entendimento da organização trófica em um determinado ambiente. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a composição alimentar e a morfologia, associadas ao hábito alimentar de Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) e avaliar as alterações da dieta ao longo do tempo. As coletas dos indivíduos ocorreram trimestralmente, durante os meses de fevereiro, maio, agosto e novembro de 2013, por meio de redes de esperas com diferentes malhas distribuídas em oito pontos no reservatório de Santa Cruz e em cinco pontos no reservatório de Umari, ambos localizados no Rio Grande do Norte. Dos itens identificados da dieta foram obtidas as frequências de ocorrência e volumétrica, combinadas no cálculo de Índice Alimentar (IAi). Os volumes dos itens foram ordenados em NMDS e as suas diferenças testadas em PERMANOVA, a contribuição de cada item alimentar para as diferenças entre os reservatórios foi avaliada através da análise SIMPER. As análises dos conteúdos alimentares permitiram a classificação da espécie como carnívora, constatando-se significativas alterações temporais em sua dieta, com as características morfológicas em conformidade ao consumo dos itens alimentares.PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Dieta, organização trófica, peixe, variação temporal.Alimentação é um dos mais importantes aspectos da biologia dos peixes, que interfere diretamente na estrutura e composição de populações . A compreensão da utilização d...

The knowledge of the fish trophic structure has been outstanding for providing relevant information on the functioning of the ecosystem in which they are inserted, mainly in dammed environments of semiarid regions that suffer constant changes in the level of water, resulting in alterations, especially in the feeding of the fish due to the variation of the food resources throughout the year, causing changes in the diet of the local ichthyofauna. Within this context, the objective was to describe the trophic categories of fish species in freshwater environments of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Seven trophic guilds were recorded: Detritivore/iliophagous, Insectivorous, Carcinophagous, Piscivorous, Herbivorous and Omnivorous. Through the results, it is observed that the fish species inserted in different environments of the state present the same food pattern, demonstrating flexibility on the diet, prevailing a generalist alimentary habit.

Entender a ecologia alimentar de anuros é essencial para compreender a biologia de vida destes animais. Essas informações fornecem dados necessários sobre seu habitat, morfologia, fisiologia e comportamento. Nesse sentido objetivou-se analisar a dieta de uma população Leptodactylus macrosternum, da fazenda Cajueiro, município de Catolé do Rocha, Sertão paraibano. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente entre os meses de outubro de 2013 e junho de 2014, realizadas por meio de busca ativa auditiva/visual. Em laboratório, verificou- se os conteúdos alimentares até o nível taxonômico de Ordem. Foram identificadas 10 categorias alimentares, sendo sete pertencentes à classe Insecta, duas Arachinida e uma Gasthropoda, além de vegetais e terra/pedra. Os principais itens alimentares na dieta, segundo o Índice de Importância Alimentar, foram Coleoptera e Hymenoptera, seguidos de Odonata, Hemiptera e Orthoptera, não ocorrendo de modo geral modificações significativas no consumo dos itens alimentares. As alterações no consumo dos itens na dieta de L. macrosternum, possivelmente resultam da disponibilidade, associada a variações pluviométricas da região. Diet of Leptodactylus macrosternum (Amphibia Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the backlands of Paraiba, BrazilAbstract: Understanding the frogs food ecology is essential to understand the biology of life of these animals. This information provides necessary data on their habitat, morphology, physiology and behavior. In the study we analyzed the diet of a Leptodactylus macrosternum population, of the farm Cajueiro, city of Catolé do Rocha, wilderness region of Paraíba. The gatherings were executed between October of 2013 and June of 2014, by hearing/visual active search. In the laboratory, the food contents were analyzed in the taxonomic categories of Order. Were identified 10 feeding categories, being 7 belonging to the class Insecta, 2 Arachinida, 1 Gasthropoda, in addition to vegetables and ground/rock. The main food items in the diet, according to the Index of Alimentary Importance, were Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, followed by Odonata, Hemiptera and Orthoptera, generally not occurring significant changes in the consumption of the food items. Changes in the consumption of items in L. macrosternum diet possibly result from the availability, associated with variations in rainfall in the region.

The trophic structure of fishes is associated with the habitat diversity and food availability along the river continuum (Miranda et al., 2019), where the input of detritus and sediments increases from the source to the mouth, with coarse organic matter (source) being replaced by fine organic matter (mouth), as described in the river continuum concept (Vannote et al., 1980). The regulation of fluvial systems through dams, isolated or in cascades along the main river and its tributaries, causes changes in water flow patterns, transforming lotic habitats into lentic habitats (Santos et al., 2020) and modifying detritus, sediment and nutrient transport to the lower

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Aim The diet of Plagioscion squamosissimus present in the Santa Cruz Reservoir, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, was investigated, evaluating the influences of spatial and temporal variations and abiotic factors in the utilization of food resources. Methods The samplings were performed quarterly between February 2011 and November 2014. Of the 525 specimens captured, 375 presented food items in the stomachs. The diet was determined using: (i) Feeding Index (IAi); (ii) and the graphical interpretation of the food strategy through non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyzes, the differences in diet being tested from Permutational Multivariate Analyzes of Variance (PERMANOVA). To verify if environmental variables influence the Canonical Correspondence Analyzes (CCA) were used, using the data from the IAi the environmental data, being the significance of the axes tested through Monte Carlo simulations. Results The species feed mainly on items of animal origin, vegetable being a resource ingested accidentally. The diet was composed of shrimp, fish, insect, mollusk and vegetable, the latter rarely found. The shrimp was the main item (92.57%) and the insects (7.24%) accessory items. Spatial and temporal ordering demonstrated that the species didn’t present variation in diet composition, as well as a low association between diet and environmental variables. Conclusion P. squamosissimus is characterized as carcinophagous, due to the predominance of shrimp in its diet, evidencing that the species is adapted to the conditions offered by the Brazilian semi-arid environment.