Soccer field grass can be compared to highly sensitive crops regarding water deficit and must be irrigated throughout the year to provide decent conditions for use. For this, efficient irrigation systems are necessary to save water and energy, and this is possible, provided that they are evaluated. Therefore, this paper evaluated the water distribution uniformity, by different methodologies, for an irrigation system installed in a grass soccer field. Also, the influences of multiple spacings between sprinklers and meteorological factors on the final results were assessed. The irrigation system had Falcon 6504 sprinklers, operating at the pressure of 320 kPa. Six field essays were conducted considering overlaying water depths originated from the same irrigation system considering spacings between sprinklers varying from 6 m x 6 m, 6 m x 9 m, 9 m x 9 m, 9 m x 12 m, 12 m x 12 m, 12 m x 15 m, 15 m x 15 m, 15 m x 18 m, 18 m x 18 m, 18 m x 21 m, 21 m x 21 m, 21 m x 24 m, 24 m x 24 m, 24 m x 27 m, 27 m x 27 m, 27 m x 30 m and 30 m x 30 m. The uniformity coefficients used were: Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity coefficient (DU), absolute uniformity coefficient (UA), statistical uniformity coefficient (US), Hart uniformity coefficient (UH) and HSPA standard efficiency (UHSPA). Meteorological data were obtained during the essays. Wind speed caused reduction in the length of the water jet applied by the sprinkler and also caused a bigger effect on the water distribution uniformity. Both CU and UH showed higher values compared to the other coefficients. The increase in the spacing between the sprinklers resulted in reduced water distribution coefficients. To comply with technical and economic criteria, an arrangement of 12 m x 15 m between the Falcon 6504 sprinklers, operating at a 320 kPa pressure, is recommended.

Objetivou-se desenvolver um sistema de monitoramento automatizado de baixo custo para sistema biológico de tratamento de água residuária por lagoa anaeróbia. Para tal, foi empregado um potenciômetro ajustado via regressão com o propósito de determinar o nível de efluente atual da lagoa e um sensor de temperatura que determinar a eficiência de operação, automatizando esse processo de monitoramento facilita a operação no dia a dia na estação de tratamento de efluentes e é passível fazer uma estimativa do período de retenção hidráulica que o efluente permanecerá no sistema de tratamento. Para isso, foi empregado a plataforma IDE do Arduino utilizando a plataforma online do TinkerCAD. Por fim, foi possível elaborar um sistema automático de monitoramento do nível de efluente na lagoa, sua eficiência de operação e a estimativa da concentração de demanda biológica de oxigênio no efluente presente na lagoa anaeróbia, facilitando os processos manuais e auxiliando na estimativa do período de retenção hidráulica. Resultados obtidos foram animadores e mostraram aptidão para serem implantados na estação de tratamento para deixá-la mais automatizada e menos susceptível a erros mecânicos realizados por funcionários.

Para se garantir uma agricultura sustentável e permanente é extremamente importante conhecer os processos de manejo e também suas relações com o meio ambiente. O consumo de combustíveis fósseis e o revolvimento do solo são fatores que tem influência direta com o aquecimento global pela emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Objetivou-se avaliar a quantidade de solo mobilizado e o consumo de combustível durante uma operação de semeadura em sistema de plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado em parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os teores de água do solo (28,7; 36,4 e 47,6%) e nas subparcelas, as profundidades de deposição do adubo (6,3; 11,3 e 14,8 cm). Foram utilizados um trator John Deere® modelo 5705 4x2 com tração dianteira auxiliar e uma semeadora-adubadora Jumil POP JM2670PD SH EX. Observou-se que as variáveis analisadas não influenciaram na quantidade de solo mobilizada pelos mecanismos sulcadores da semeadora-adubadora. Entretanto, para o consumo horário de combustível houve efeito significativo tanto para a profundidade de adubação quanto para os teores de água do solo estudados.

The key to maintaining a clay court with quality and lastingly is through water applications, carried out periodically and through systems with high distribution uniformity, developed specifically for this purpose. The objective in this study was to evaluate the performance of a sprinkler irrigation system with hose and shower, traditionally used in clay tennis court, and propose another low-cost system that is operational and technically feasible, which is the irrigating bar. For each irrigation system, three evaluations were performed. At the beginning of each test, the pressures and flow rates of the emitters were measured, and the water distribution profile method was used to determine the distribution uniformity of the systems. Distribution efficiency was obtained through the Christiansen’s (UC), distribution (UD), absolute (UA), statistical (US) and Hart’s (UH) uniformity coefficients, HSPA standard efficiency (UHSPA) and, coefficient of variation (CV). Subsequently, the application and irrigation efficiencies were calculated. It was found that the irrigation bar required lower operating pressure, as well as greater stability of pressure and flow in relation to the hose system. Water losses in the hose/shower system (22.0%) were higher than in the irrigation bar (0.6%). Regardless of the evaluated system, UC (68.4% and 86.5%) and UH (66.4% and 87.5%) values were similar and higher than those of the other coefficients (~51.8% and ~81.2%). The collected depths, applied by the hose/shower irrigation system, showed high spatial variability and, consequently, low values of uniformity, being classified as poor or unacceptable. The irrigating bar promoted higher values of uniformity coefficients, being classified as good. Irrigation efficiencies were 53.97 and 85.97% for hose/shower and irrigation bar systems, respectively. The hose/shower system has low performance in the irrigation of clay tennis courts. The irrigation bar system, for providing technical, operational, and economic benefits, and has the potential to be used in the irrigation of clay tennis courts.