Peat swamp forest is one of the wetland tropical rainforest ecosystems widespread in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze plant species diversity of tree stage in difference logged-over peat swamp forests at PT. Diamond Raya Timber, Riau Province. This study site was divided into three different locations, newly logged-over peat forest swamp forest (NLPSF), three years logged-over peat swamp forest (3LPSF) and four years logged-over peat swamp forest (4LPSF). Primary species of tree stage in the study site were grouped into three parts, i.e., firstly, Dipterocarpaceae family mainly consists of meranti bunga (Shorea teysmanniana) and meranti batu (S. uliginosa), secondly, non-Dipterocarpaceae included balam (Palaquium hexandrum), milas (Parastemon urophyllus), macang (Mangifera havilandii), punak (Tetramerista glabra), jambu (Eugenia sp), pisang-pisang (Mezzetia parviflora), and arang-arang (Gynotroches axillaries), and thirdly, particular species of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus). The pattern of species grouping for tree level was more centered in the NLPSF compared to other sites. On the other hand, species diversity in tree level found more diverse in 4LPSF, suggested the various ecological parameters. Cluster analysis showed the occurrence of species relationship in the sites based on diameter and importance values indicated the presence of species similarity and habitat preference.
Chinese have lived in Lasem since ancient times to this day. Uniquely, Lasem is a region that rarely experiences horizontal conflicts, although Lasem’s entity is quite diverse. This is due to the Chinese people in Lasem being able to assimilate with the natives. From marriage, business relations, and religious ties the reason for the Chinese in Lasem is to live peacefully. This study aims to uncover the lives of Chinese people in Lasem from the social and cultural aspects, the focus of this paper is the Chinese in the struggle for identity and living space in Lasem. This is a qualitative study with phenomenological design. This study involved 10 Chinese families as informants and the cultural environment of lasem as observed objects. The findings of this study show that the Chinese people in Lasem are able to live in harmony because they have merged with indigenous communities. The Chinese at Lasem in their daily lives are able to communicate and interact well with indigenous people. Activities such as producing batik, sew, trading, religious associations are the reasons Lasem entities are able to live in harmony. The findings of this study also show that the struggle for Chinese identity and living space at Lasem takes place on the basis of ideology and social praxis, political aspects are not considered by the community to be interconnected.
The ex-situ conservation of Toona sinensis and Toona sureni or surian weren’t supported list threatened species threat but by reduction of huge trees and leaving only small trees that are identical with the reduction of their genetic potential. Genetic potential plays a crucial role within the development of basic and breeding populations. The existence of the 15-year ex-situ conservation plot requires evaluation for simpler management to extend conservation value. The conservation area has collected genetic material from 52 populations from various islands in Indonesia and the progeny test area by testing 100 families from 10 selected populations because the basic source for assembling selected genetic material to supply superior seeds. Currently, genetic material from surian ex-situ conservation has been wont to develop genetic tests that are converted into seed orchards. Limitations of ex-situ conservation include maintenance of genetic material in artificial habitats, decreased genetic diversity, depression of close relative mating, adaptation to climate stress, and the potential for accumulation of weak alleles.it’s many constraints in terms of personnel, costs, and reliance on electrical power sources. supported the challenges within the future, efforts are needed to revamp through the unification of ex-situ conservation and progeny test management to support breeding population development. Strengthening the ex-situ conservation value of T. sinensis & T. sureni can be optimalization through solving all identified challenges and strengthening long-term management.
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