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We have synthesized a series of novel isoxazolines via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile oxide from 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldoxime and naphthaldehyde oxime with 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol derivatives. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antistress activity in acute stress (AS) induced peripheral changes. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, subjected to AS, cause a significant increase in gastric ulceration, adrenal gland weight, plasma glucose, corticosterone levels, and creatine kinase activity. Compounds 3d, 3g, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5g displayed most promising anti-stress effect by reverting these peripheral stress parameters at a dose of 40 mg/kg p.o.

Increased hepatic glucose output is one of the major causes of fasting hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of coagulanolide on hepatic glucose, regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice. Coagulanolide is an active component of Withania coagulans fruit. Oral administration of coagulanolide for 3 weeks decreases fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin significantly, and it improves glucose tolerance in the db/db mice group. The enzyme activity and protein expression of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase was significantly enhanced in coagulanolide-treated db/db group when compared with untreated one. On the other hand, activities and protein expression of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glycogen phosphorylase enzymes were significantly lowered in treated group. The treatment with coagulanolide also normalizes the concentrations of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the db/db mice. These findings suggested that the coagulanolide is useful in the control of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes by regulating the production of hepatic glucose.

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:The mankind has received a gift from mother-nature in the form of natural laboratories present within diversified plant kingdom. The plants create secondary metabolites for their own safety and many of these secondary metabolites are useful for human beings in various kinds of ailments. Diabetes is not an exception to this, there are many secondary metabolites isolated from plants which are now being utilized for treatment. The significance of isolating metabolites from plants is that they have comparatively very less side effects as compared to allopathic system of medicine (oral hypoglycaemic agents). This review takes into account, the recent updates in the treatment of diabetes mellitus using herbal products and phytochemical constituents reported so far.A total number of 150 plant species belonging to numerous families are presented in this review which is useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Article also contains more than fifty medicinal compounds recently updated in literature. The most important families in present review are fabaceae and cucurbitaceae. The plants from these families are found to be of high therapeutic value to treat diabetes mellitus however families like musaceae, punicaceae and aloaceae have been found to contain least number of effective plant species. The plant parts contributing mostly active compounds are leaves, fruit & seeds.