Tuberculosis is a major health issues worldwide. Every year more than 9 million new cases are reported worldwide with death rate of around 2 million each year. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in population is most supportive in proper medication and early recovery. The golden standard method for diagnosis of tuberculosis in patient is formerly culture method which is time consuming and cumbersome. Various other techniques used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis have poor sensitivity and specificity however serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) has emerged as a potent biochemical marker that can be used as tool for the diagnosis of tuberculosis for rapid, easy and better result. Increased level of ADA in blood generally indicates the presence of tuberculosis. In the present study, the serum ADA level was examined in 75 healthy control and 75 tuberculosis patients with positive sputum smear for acid fast bacilli (AFB), having clinical symptoms were diagnosed for pulmonary tuberculosis and radiological impression for extra pulmonary tuberculosis. The selection of cases and control were based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were collected at the outpatient department of National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal after asking simple questionnaires. Modified Guisti and Galanti method was adopted for estimation of serum ADA from pooled and processed blood samples. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in mean rank of level of serum ADA among the TB cases to controls. The P-TB had the highest mean rank (116.52) followed by EP-TB (99.48) and control had significantly less mean rank (40.16). At the cut-off point of 25 U/L; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 90.7%, 100%, 90.66% and 100% respectively. It can be concluded from data that there were insignificant difference in mean rank among sex wise distribution with p=0.037 and sputum grading wise distribution with p=0.142.
Objective: To explore the possibility of false diagnosis and threat to health. Methods: In the present study, a case history of 23-year–old lactating woman was taken. Seventy-two test parameters were examined at SRL Lab Gurugram and Thyrocare Mumbai on alternative days from different location under variable climatic and family environment. Results: The tests report of SRL lab was abnormal in range in compare to the reports of Thyrocare Lab. Conclusion: The present study is expected to attract the attention of people who may be in the position of acquiring health services. In such approach, incidence of false-positive laboratory reports either due to technical errors or patient own conditions is thought to misguide a clinician who may prescribe wrong medicines to the patient. This type of mistake may invite unwanted and life-threatening threats to the patients’ body if inappropriate or wrong drugs are given to the patient. Through this study, it is now suggested to be cautious and should verify before taking any drugs suggested by clinicians. Once a diagnosis is confirmed and considered repeatedly, the development of adverse health effects due to unwanted drugs can be minimized. Keywords: Diagnosis, Treatment, Drugs, Laboratory reports.
In recent years, the curiosity to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes development has increased. Evidence from previous studies suggests that gut microbiota manipulation may assure to prevent diabetes development in future, primarily in susceptible individuals. Here, we reviewed special gut microbiota types proposing development of Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and laboratory animals. The available data we found are still inconclusive and required more attention in discriminating specific groups of gut microbiomes strongly indicating T1D and T2D development or prevention. Further, we suggested for the first time to study the gut microbiota in different ways to find the root cause of diabetes development.
In recent years, the curiosity to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes development has increased. Evidence from previous studies suggests that gut microbiota manipulation may assure to prevent diabetes development in future, primarily in susceptible individuals. Here, we reviewed special gut microbiota types proposing development of Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and laboratory animals. The available data we found are still inconclusive and required more attention in discriminating specific groups of gut microbiomes strongly indicating T1D and T2D development or prevention. Further, we suggested for the first time to study the gut microbiota in different ways to find the root cause of diabetes development.
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