Background: Salivary gland tumors constitute a highly heterogeneous histopathologic group. There are few epidemiological studies of large series of benign and malignant epithelial tumors of major salivary glands in South India.Methods: This is a retrospective study in a tertiary care centre in Kerala, South India. A total of 180 epithelial neoplasms of major salivary gland were studied over a 5 year period. In each case age, sex, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were recorded.Results: Patients with benign and malignant tumors presented with a mean age of 52.3 and 55.9 years respectively. The frequency of benign tumors was 80.6% (n = 145) and of malignant tumors was 19.4% (n = 35). There was a higher prevalence of tumors in males 60.6% (n = 109) than in females 39.4% (n = 71). 91.9% (n = 164) of the tumors were localized in the parotid gland, 8.3% (n = 15) in the submandibular gland and 0.6% (n = 1) in the sublingual gland. The most common benign tumors were Pleomorphic adenoma (48.9%, n = 88) and Warthin’s tumor (28.9%, n = 52). Among malignant tumors, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common (9.5%, n = 17) followed by Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (2.8%, n = 5) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (2.2%, n = 4).Conclusions: Parotid gland was the most common site of both benign and malignant tumours. Plemorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor.
BACKGROUND Breast lesions have gained importance globally due to significant increase in mortality and morbidity associated with breast cancer which is now the commonest malignancy worldwide. Previously, cervical cancer was the most common cancer in Indian women but now the incidence of breast cancer has outnumbered cervical cancer and is the leading cause of death in women due to cancer. Although advances in imaging techniques and increased use of fine needle aspiration cytology have greatly assisted the preoperative evaluation of breast lesions, histopathology remains the gold standard in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. The present study was carried out to know the frequency, age distribution and histopathological profile of neoplastic as well as non-neoplastic lesions of breast. METHODS This retrospective one-year study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary health care institute from January 2017 - December 2017. All specimens of mastectomy, lumpectomy, and Tru-Cut biopsies were studied except treated cases of malignancy. Detailed gross examination was done followed by thorough sampling and processing. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Different lesions were studied by microscopic examination. Neoplastic lesions were classified based on the WHO (World Health Organization) classification (2012). RESULTS A total of 980 cases was studied out of which 951 were females and 29 were males. The benign neoplasms constituted 329 cases (33.57 %), malignant neoplasms 521 cases (53.16 %) and non-neoplastic lesions 130 cases (13.26 %). In our study fibroadenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (n = 292) and fibrocystic disease formed the major population of non-neoplastic benign lesion (n = 66). Vast majority of cases with malignant neoplasms had invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) (n = 479). Significantly higher incidence of malignancy was noted in the age group of 41 - 80 years and benign tumours were mostly seen in 2nd and 3rd decade. The ratio of malignant to benign lesions was slightly higher in our study. CONCLUSIONS Large number of carcinoma breast was seen in our study which is a serious concern. So, design and implementation of screening programs and control of the risk factors seem essential. This study emphasizes the importance of early and accurate histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions. KEYWORDS Neoplastic, Non-Neoplastic, Breast Lesions, Histopathology, Invasive Carcinoma Breast
Pilonidal disease comprises a spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic hair containing cysts and sinuses to large symptomatic abscesses that have some tendency to recur. It is commonly encountered in the sacrococcygeal region but rarely in the umbilicus. We report a case of umbilical pilonidal cyst in an 18 year old hairy adolescent male who presented with pain, redness, swelling and discharge from the umbilicus. An abdominal ultrasonography showed an abscess cavity in the subcutaneous tissue of the umbilicus. Cyst excision with reconstruction of the umbilicus was carried out and the microscopic findings revealed umbilical pilonidal cyst. This article outlines the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, microscopic features and management of this rare disease. Due to the risk of peritoneal extension of inflammation from this lesion, conservative treatment is not acceptable. Surgery is the choice of treatment.
BACKGROUND Spongiotic dermatitis is a common diagnosis in routine dermatopathology practice. Clinically it includes eczema and its clinicopathological variants. The main purpose of a biopsy in such cases is to come to a precise diagnosis. We wanted to study the different histopathological features commonly seen in spongiotic dermatitis. METHODS This is a cross sectional study conducted at a Government Medical College in Kerala, South India. All lesions reported as cases belonging to the category of spongiotic dermatitis during the one-year period were included in the study. Patients who presented with an established diagnosis of spongiotic dermatitis were excluded from the study. The study included 41 skin biopsies. RESULTS The age distribution pattern revealed that the highest percentage was in the 10 - 20 years age group (21.95 %) with a male preponderance (68.29 %). Small plaque parapsoriasis was the most common lesion (24 %) encountered in the study. CONCLUSIONS Some of the histopathological features are specific and characteristic for each entity like small plaque parapsoriasis, pityriasis rosea and erythema annulare centrifugum whereas some features overlap in lesions like irritant contact dermatitis and photoallergic contact dermatitis. Therefore, clinical history combined with microscopic features will help us render a precise diagnosis. KEYWORDS Spongiotic, Dermatitis, Inflammatory, Histopathological
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