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Objective: To determine the prevalence and features of inner ear anomalies in children with congenital profound hearing loss who presented at our cochlear implant center based on imaging studies. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed charts of children with congenital SNHL, who presented to Department of Otolaryngology & Auditory Implant Centre, Capital Hospital Islamabad over a period of 2 years from 1st May 2017 to 30th April 2019. These included 481 cases of both genders aged between 1 to 12 years. After gathering demographic data, audiological data, computed tomography findings of the temporal bone were analyzed. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: The Inner Ear Malformations were identified in 48(10%) children including 28 (58.33%) males and 20 (41.67%) female. Most 20(41.67%) presented at >3-5 years of age followed by 19(39.58%) at 2-3 years. However, no significant association of gender (p=0.57, p=0.076) and age of presentation (p=0.344, p=0.697) for right and left ears was noted with inner ear malformations. The most common anomaly noted were CLA, CH-III and CH-II in decreasing order of frequency in both ears. Conclusion: The prevalence of IEM’s was found to be 48(10%). Commonest anomalies noted were CLA, CH-III and CH-II. No significant association of gender and age of presentation was noted with type of anomaly in both ears. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3134 How to cite this:Ahmed J, Saqulain G, Khan MIJ, Kausar M. Prevalence & features of inner ear malformations among children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss: A Public Cochlear Implant Centre Experience . Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3134 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of complications of cochlear implant surgery in children with congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: This study retrospectively & consecutively reviewed charts of children who underwent cochlear implantation from July 2015 to July 2019 at Cochlear Implant Centre of Otolaryngology Department of Capital Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan. These included cases of both genders aged one to 12 years operated at least one year before the time of data collection. Basic demographic data, complications including major and minor complications and treatment received was noted and statistically analyzed using SPSS-23. Results were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: Current study included a sample of N=251 having a mean age of 4.05±2.15 years including 154(61.4%) males and 97(38.6%) females revealed a prevalence of complications of 16(6.4%) with 4(1.6%) major and 12(4.8%) minor complications. Wound infection and acute otitis media with frequency of 3(1.2%) each were the commonest complications, followed by , facial nerve twitching, tinnitus and vertigo, infection and extrusion; and device failure in 2(0.8%) each. However, there was no significant association of complications with age group and gender with P=0.344 and P=0.519 respectively. Conclusion: Present public sector implant program is characterized with a very low prevalence of complications of 16(6.4%) with 4(1.6%) major and 12(4.8%) minor complications. Wound infection and acute otitis media were the commonest complications. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3960 How to cite this:Ahmed J, Saqulain G, Khan MIJ, Kausar M. Complications of Cochlear Implant Surgery: A Public Implant Centre Experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3960 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objective: To analyze treated head and neck malignancies with reference to frequency of cervical metastases and frequency of nodal recurrence following neck dissection and/ or radiotherapy for cervical metastases.Patients and Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted at ENT Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad over a period of 16 months. Study population was comprised of 15 cases of either gender and any age, with treated head and neck primary who developed metastatic neck disease and were included through non-probability sampling technique. Patients with primary site recurrence or distant metastases were excluded from the study. They were treated with neck dissection, radiotherapy or both for neck disease and followed up for a 1 year. Clinical data including age, gender, site and histopathology of treated primary tumor, nodal involvement both clinical and histopathological, treatment and post treatment result were recorded. Data was collected, tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft excel worksheet.Results: Out of total 15 cases, 17% patients were with N1 disease, 33% patients with N2a disease, and 50% were with N2b disease. Total 3 (20%) patients received radiotherapy (2 being unfit for surgery and 1 due to refused consent) and 12 (80%) patients underwent surgery. Out of these 12, 3 underwent RND, 7 MRND and 2 SND. Total 20% (3) developed recurrence.Conclusion: Combination of RND or MRND and radiotherapy is highly effective in controlling neck disease in controlled primary tumors.