Stroke is the fourth leading cause of mortality and is estimated to be one of the major reasons for long-lasting disability worldwide. There are limited studies that describe the application of physical therapy interventions to prevent disabilities in stroke survivors and promote recovery after a stroke. In this review, we have described a wide range of interventions based on impairments, activity limitations, and goals in recovery during different stages of a stroke. This article mainly focuses on stroke rehabilitation tactics, including those for sensory function impairments, motor learning programs, hemianopia and unilateral neglect, flexibility and joint integrity, strength training, hypertonicity, postural control, and gait training. We conclude that, aside from medicine, stroke rehabilitation must address specific functional limitations to allow for group activities and superior use of a hemiparetic extremity. Medical doctors are often surprised by the variety of physiotherapeutic techniques available; they are unfamiliar with the approaches of researchers such as Bobath, Coulter, and Brunnstrom, among others, as well as the scientific reasoning behind these techniques.
Spasticity is a common issue among children, especially those with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical procedure that is often used to decrease lower limb rigidity, alongside other treatment options such as intrathecal medication, peripheral nerve surgery, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The objective of these therapies is to improve the standard of living for young individuals. This article intends to explain the motor deficits observed in spastic diplegia and a rehabilitation program using physical therapy after SDR. The information can help with counseling parents about the prognosis and developing a clinical treatment plan. The article presents a case study of a 12-year-old girl who recently underwent L3, L4, and L5 nerve root rhizotomy in the physical therapy department. It highlights the importance of long-term physical therapy follow-up and orthotic usage in the management of spastic diplegia.
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